Modern Physics Letters B

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the innovation of flow of two-dimensional (2D) ferrofluid flow passing upon stretched surface having the effect of a magnetic dipole. The said problem is selected since its use is very common in biomedical as well as engineering applications together with systems of drug targeting under magnetic effects. The impacts of magnetic dipole along with radiation parameter in flow of ferromagnetic cross fluid for a stretched region are investigated in detail by use of suitable similarity variables the nonlinear, ODEs are obtained. The desired ODEs are resolved numerically by using RK fifth-order method parallel to shooting scheme. Impacts of ferromagnetic interaction, viscous dissipation, Curie temperature, and Buongiorno parameters with convective boundary conditions are perceived for velocity, temperature and concentration fields. Furthermore, the terms like velocity, mass transfer and thermal gradients are under consideration and pictorial scrutinizing is done. Moreover, temperature of ferromagnetic fluid upsurges for enlargement in the values of ferrohydrodynamics interaction and Curie temperature parameters. Concentration of ferrofluid reveals a contrary tendency against the parameters of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Owing to extensive application prospects of magnetized nanofluids, this area has received interest from engineers and researchers; nanofluids have a noteworthy preference over ordinary fluids.

Process of transportation of heat in ferrofluids has innumerable applications in the fields of electronics and automobile industry. By tracing the materials, the ferrofluid got popularity among researchers and engineers, also most ferrofluids are non-Newtonian in nature so here the non-Newtonian fluid is under consideration. In this study, the influences of viscous dissipation and magnetic parameter in the flow of ferromagnetic Carraeu fluid for a stretching surface are examined. Suitable similarity transformations in the system that consists of nonlinear form of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are transformed into a system of nonlinear form of ODEs, then the resulting Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) are resolved by use of a mathematical technique known as bvp4c. Effects of ferromagnetic interaction factor, Curie temperature, viscous dissipation and material parameter are examined for temperature profile as well as velocity fields. Moreover, the variations in velocity and thermal gradients are analyzed and described with the help of graphs. An upsurge in the values of magnetic interaction parameter and Weissenberg number causes a decline in the velocity field while the thermal gradient shows opposite behavior. It is detected that the temperature of Carreau fluid intensifies for larger $𝜀$ and $\lambda$.

This paper presents an analytical solution to the model. By solving the system of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations using Akbari–Ganji’s method (AGM), we can derive the semi-analytical expressions for substrate and oxidized and reduced mediator concentrations. These models provide information about enzyme electrode mechanisms and their kinetics. These modeling results can be helpful for sensor design, optimization, and determining how the electrode will react. Further, we studied the effects of many physical and biological parameters on model prediction. The mathematical equations, which are nonlinear partial differential equations, are solved using AGM. Also, we derived the semi-analytical results for concentrations for saturated and unsaturated kinetics. It is verified that the proposed solution is validated by comparing it with numerical solutions.

In this paper, a pulsatile flow of a biviscous fluid in a circular tube of varying cross-section has been considered for investigation. The study helps to draw the characteristics of blood, the pressure drop and the wall shear stress on the inner wall of small blood vessels and capillaries where suction/injection velocity arises and Reynolds number is very low. The effects of Reynolds number, apparent viscosity coefficient and leakage parameter on the streamlines, pressure drop and wall shear stress have been discussed and shown graphically for suction and injection, respectively. The wall of the tube is supposed to be permeable and a normal velocity of the fluid at the wall is prescribed to consider the fluid exchange across the wall. Both analytic and numerical solutions are given. Using the perturbation technique, we analyze the problem for low Reynolds numbers and small oscillation amplitude. Lastly, the simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and excellent tracking performance of the proposed control scheme.

Increasing population around the globe due to promotion of industries has created severe problems for human beings like shortage of existing fossil fuels, energy crisis, climate change which are major hurdles for human survival on the planet. To solve all these problems, researchers recommended two appropriate solutions, one of them is to promote thermal energy which is environmentally friendly source of energy and other solution is promotion of ferro-fluid usage as an effective medium for transmission of heat. In recent study, we considered the impacts of thermal energy along with magnetic effects and compute its results. This work is done by using appropriate similarity variables to obtain the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from set of partial differential equations (PDEs). We solved the resultant ODEs numerically by means of a famous numerical method termed as bvp4c. Here, effects of Weissenberg parameter, power law index, Curie temperature and radiation parameter are determined for velocity and temperature profiles. Furthermore, graphical representations of velocity as well as thermal gradients are computed. The effects of various parameters on Nusselt number are deliberated and expressed in tabular form. Velocity of magnetized cross ferro-fluid dwindles for $\beta$ and n. Moreover, it is detected that temperature of ferro-fluid deteriorates for $Pr$ and $\epsilon$.

In this research, the dynamics of MHD Casson fluid flow has been discussed in the presence of non-Darcy Forchheimer porous medium. The investigation is focused on how thermal radiation, Soret–Dufour, and chemical reactions affect the incompressible Casson flow in a non-Darcy Forchheimer porous medium, taking account of pressure force. The mathematical model of the system is solved using the finite difference scheme followed by the shooting technique with bvp4c tool in MATLAB. The effects of physical parameters on velocity and transport (heat and mass) profile are illustrated through graphs. From the results, it is observed that Soret effect reduces the thermal boundary layer thickness which leads to the asymptotic increase in heat dissipation. The findings of the study on MHD Casson fluid model considering the non-Darcy Forchheimer porous medium are useful in engineering and science areas such as chemical machinery systems, geophysics, etc.

The purpose of this research is to discuss a two-dimensional (2D), laminar, continuous flow of Casson liquid through a stretched porous wedge in the presence of chemical reaction and buoyancy effects over wedge. This research is aimed at analyzing chemically reacting flow of Casson model over a heated porous wedge in order to understand the features of dynamic wedge. The governing equations and involved parameters are nondimensionalized using transformations. Bvp4c, a numerical tool in Matlab is employed to assess the solution. Significant findings of the major dimensionless parameters on state profiles of velocity, temperature and concentration are drawn graphically. The principal results indicate the impacts of Casson parameter, Eckert and Prandtl number, R stretching parameter, $K_1$ chemical parameter, Sc Schmidt number, C mass transfer parameter, m wedge angle parameter on concentration, velocity and temperature field. The Sherwood, Nusselt number and skin friction numerical values are presented in tabular form. Major findings show that drag force at wedge declines for greater $K_1$. Nusselt number shrinks for larger behavior for $K_1$. Sherwood number upsurges for greater performance for chemical reaction parameter $K_1$. Moreover, $K_1$ upsurges the temperature slowly but the impacts of $K_1$ on concentration show a decreasing behavior.

Industry and space technology have significant issues managing heat energy and controlling mass dispersion. The purpose of this study is to develop motion caused by boundary layer thickness sheets that are increasingly being used in various engineering fields (civil engineering, mechanical, aeronautical, maritime processes and constructions). The activation energy is a critical factor in chemical reactions due to the existence of many applications in gas-cooled reactors, nuclear thermal rockets and liquid-fluoride reactors. This study presents the numerical analysis of activation energy on three dimensional (3D) nanofluid (NFs) motion via Stretching Surface (SS) with nonlinear thermal radiation effect. This is in contrast to the conventional slip condition, convective condition applied at surface. The governing basic equations are translated into nonlinear ODEs by suitable similarity transformations. The relevant boundary value problem was explored for a numerical solution for applying the MATLAB based on Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) scheme via shooting technique. The major outcomes of current work have more concentration ($\varphi ({\eta }_1)$) and Mass Transfer Rate (${\mathrm{\text{Sh}}}_x{\mathrm{\text{Re}}}_x^{-1∕2}$) for various numerical values of Activation Energy ($E_A$). The present solutions determine very good correlation with the previously studied ones in a special case as predicted in the tables.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of thermal radiation and chemical reactions on magnetohydrodynamic hyperbolic tangent liquid, which includes nanoparticles on a stretched surface while taking into account Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The nonlinear partial differential equations governing the system are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations through suitable similarity transformations. The focus of the study is to elucidate important engineering concepts such as skin friction, Sherwood number, and heat transfer, as well as to understand the effects of various expressions on the different profiles. The Keller-box approach, a sophisticated numerical tool, is used to get the numerical answers to the current enquiry. The generated findings are extensively tested for correctness and dependability. The findings of this study might have far-reaching ramifications for a variety of technical applications, including heat exchangers, chemical reactors, and thermal management systems.The results show that the rate of mass transfer rises with the increment in the factors of chemical reaction, thermal radiation, nanoparticles volume, and Brownian motion.

This study looks at the numerical results of magnetohydrodynamic liquid flowing across a stretching sheet at its stagnation point while also experiencing chemical reaction, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and variable magnetic field. The fundamental partial differential equations that regulate physical phenomena are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the appropriate similarity transformations. Later, resolved by numerically using Mathematica. The effects of various non-dimensional parameters like velocity ratio parameter ($\lambda$), porosity (k), magnetic parameter (M), radiation parameter (R), chemical reaction parameter ($\gamma$), etc. on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as on the local skin-friction and the local Nusselt number are discussed in detail and displayed through graphs. The numerical evaluation of the physical quantities was provided in tabular form for the various values of the relevant stream parameters. It is important to note that magnetic field interaction increases concentration distribution and fluid temperature while decreasing velocities at all domain flow locations.

In order to grasp the playing functions that utilize criteria for decision-making (DM) approaches, this paper offers a League season learning selection issue. The decision criteria to assess several game-based learning options are outlined, and a real-world choice dilemma is provided. Finding the most effective League season learning among playing functions is the goal. The needs for a League season of learning, such as Cognitive Methodologies, Gameplay Characteristics, Psychological Reactions, Accessibility, Users, as well as its environmental and societal impacts, are taken into consideration, leading to the identification of six primary criteria and 22 sub-criteria. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to calculate the criterion weights. The Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje techniques are used to rank and choose between four possibilities. The outcomes of the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje procedures are also contrasted with those of the Complex Proportional Assessment, Multi-Atributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis and Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison approaches. The results of the rankings of the alternatives produced by each approach all recommend the same choice as the best. Thus, it can be said that Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations, Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, Complex Proportional Assessment, Multi-Atributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis and Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison approaches may be successfully employed for selection issues in game-based learning, as well as generally for other forms of multi-criteria decision problems with finite number of choices.

In this work, we establish novel solitary wave solutions of three nonlinear evolution dynamical models, namely, Boussinesq model, $(3+1)$-dimensional generalized shallow water wave (SWW) and $(4+1)$-dimensional Fokas dynamical models by applying two-variable $(G^{\prime }∕G,1∕G)$- expansion technique. The SWW equations are usually appropriate when the fluid is in a state where the vertical length scale is significantly smaller than the length of horizontal scale. In computer simulations for ocean engineering, Boussinesq-type models are frequently used to represent water waves in harbors and shallow seas. In order to understand the physical processes of waves inside and on the surface of water, the Fokas dynamical model plays a crucial part in wave theory. Analytical solutions in different forms such as solitons, solitary waves, trigonometric, hyperbolic, rational function solutions, breathers-type waves and more wave solutions are devised through using the proposed method. The exact solutions are also presented in graphical form having applications in engineering and other areas of applied sciences. The obtained results show that the given technique is universal and efficient. In addition, this technique can also be applied on lots of other nonlinear dynamical wave models occurring in many scientific real-world application domains, including engineering sciences, mathematics physics, and many more.

Tidal turbine arrays have undergone extensive research to determine the optimal spacing for efficient performance and reduced wake generation. Small-scale laboratory tests are typically conducted to analyze wake structures prior to deployment. These tests often result in conditions of extreme blockage due to channel narrowing in comparison to turbine size. The primary objective of this study is to investigate flow behavior around turbines under blockage conditions and their performance close to the free surface, both in current-only and wave-and-current scenarios. The methodology employed a combination of blade element momentum theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) integrating a virtual blade model (VBM) code. The findings of this study indicate potential enhancements in tidal turbine array performance of up to 7% in lateral arrangements and 11% in streamwise arrangements under blockage conditions. The wake is significantly influenced by surface waves, which also contribute to increased downstream turbine performance.

The steam condenser is a crucial component in power plants, playing a vital role in influencing the overall performance of steam power plants. This paper delves into a detailed assessment of the thermal aspects and evaluation of steam surface condensers. To conduct this rigorous evaluation, we meticulously crafted a three-dimensional (3D) model of a multi-tube single-pass counter-flow heat exchanger using ANSYS Design-Modeller. Within this model, a multiphase mixture model was harnessed to replicate the condensation process that takes place within the condenser. After the model’s development, a series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were expertly executed utilizing ANSYS Fluent Workbench. The simulations encompassed diverse cooling water flow rates and steam inlet velocities. Notably, two sets of CFD simulations were carried out: the initial set featured a velocity inlet in the condenser, while the second set involved CFD simulations with a pressure steam inlet. The findings derived from these simulations unveiled a noteworthy correlation between the condensation rate within the shell and both the rate of circulating water flow and the operational pressure of the condenser. Additionally, it was discerned that the condensation rate could be further influenced by the specific geometry of the condenser. In sum, this study concludes that optimizing the geometrical configuration and baffle arrangements holds promise for increasing the condensation rate and overall performance of steam condensers employed within steam power plants.

In this paper, under the observation of extended modified rational expansion method based on symbolic computation, the multiple solitary wave solutions for nonlinear two-dimensional Jaulent–Miodek Hierarchy (JMH) equation are constructed. In this investigation, we use the computer software Mathematica for the construction of multiple solitary wave solutions. The interested and important things in this work are the multiple solitary wave solutions which have various kinds of physical structures such as kink soliton, periodic traveling wave, bright soliton, anti-kink soliton, dark soliton, combined bright and dark solitons, topological soliton and peakon soliton. We are sure that the various kinds of soliton solutions are found first time by using one method in the existing literature works. On the basis of this research, we can say that the applied technique is very efficient, reliable, fruitful and powerful. The constructed soliton solutions for nonlinear JMH equation will play an important role in the investigation of different physical phenomena in nonlinear sciences.

The study is accomplished to explore the pioneering of a two-dimensional ferromagnetic fluid flow over a flat elastic sheet with the magnetic dipole effect. The recent flow design was selected as it is mostly applicable in bioengineering as well as engineering fields that includes magnetic drug targeting systems. In this paper, the impacts of thermal radiation and magnetic dipole in flow of ferromagnetic Sutterby fluid for a stretching surface are examined. Some suitable similarity transformations are exploited to achieve the system of nonlinear ODEs from set of PDEs, then acquired ODEs are resolved by numerical scheme known as bvp4c technique. Impacts of ferromagnetic interaction parameter, viscous dissipation and curie temperature are perceived for velocity as well as temperature fields. Furthermore, velocity as well as thermal gradients are deliberated and scrutinized pictorially.

Presently, due to its extraordinary mechanical, thermal, electrical and biomedical facets nanofluids deliver several prospects to exaggerate the propensity of isothermal systems by augmenting the conductivity features of the host fluids. In various areas of the energy partition, nanoparticles show a remarkable measure in energy storage, energy variation, and energy convertible, i.e. thermoelectric plans, petroleum cells, supercapacitors, stellar cells, rechargeable batteries, light-radiating diode and carbon-based light-radiating diode, smart coatings. In this current conversation, we anticipated an unsteady 3D flow of the Sutterby nanofluid consequence of a bidirectional extended surface. To envision the thermophoresis and Brownian motion properties in Sutterby’s nanofluid, the Buongiorno association is utilized in an additional refined technique. Variable thermal conductivity with heat source/sink property occurred deliberated considering heat transmission techniques. The appropriate transformation is applied for transposing the PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. For numerical results, the bvp4c programmed is prerequisite for elucidating the subsequent Ordinary differential equations. The distinct performance of the Sutterby nanofluid temperature and the concentration field are designated and discussed in the physical parameter’s aspect. It is clear that the temperature of the Sutterby fluid decreases with respect to the ratio of stretching rates parameter and similar developments are observed for the thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. Furthermore, the concentration profile declines for sophisticated estimates of the Lewis number and thermophoresis parameters.

This document introduces a novel concept involving an Omni-Directional Guided Vane (ODGV) encompassing a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with the goal of improving its overall performance. Extensive three-dimensional computational analysis of the airfoils used in this novel ODGV structure is conducted to investigate the impact of various geometric parameters. Diverse geometric configurations of the ODGV are explored to analyze wind flow behavior across the turbine utilizing a well-validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The numerical investigations employ the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling approach with the k-epsilon turbulence model. The steady state governing equations are solved using the validated CFD solver STAR CCM+. The study considers three distinct inlet velocities: 3, 6, and 9m/s, with the aim of improving flow behavior and velocity through the ODGV. Four different modifications of the ODGV are examined, and the accuracy of the CFD model is affirmed through comparison with NACA airfoil data. Integration of the ODGV results in an enhanced self-starting behavior of the VAWT, leading to a reduction in the cut-in speed. Validation results demonstrate a strong agreement with the data obtained from CFD simulations. These results suggest that most shape ratios, except for 0.3 and 0.4 at Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 1.3 and 3, contribute to enhancing power and torque coefficients. Furthermore, the findings indicate that with a Sharpe ratio of 0.56, both torque and power coefficients could be improved by up to 48% and 58%, respectively.