Status of Theoretical Understanding and of Experimental Power for LHC Physics and Beyond

The following sections are included:

• PREFACE
• CONTENTS

The following sections are included:

• INTRODUCTION
• AN INCREDIBLE SEQUENCE OF UNEXPECTED EVENTS
• BLACKETT AND THE ORIGIN OF THE SUBNUCLEAR UNIVERSE
• BLACKETT AND THE WHOLE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE
• BLACKETT AND RUSSELL (GALILEI, EINSTEIN, GÖDEL)
• THE “BLACKETT EFFECT” IN THE 2^nd WORLD WAR
• NEW INSTITUTIONS FOUNDED
• THE FUTURE
• CONCLUSIONS - FROM BLACKETT TO PRESENT DAY PHYSICS
• REFERENCES

A short history of the physics of strongly interacting particles is presented. Events leading to the discovery, and eventual acceptance, of concrete quarks are described.

In these lectures, after a short introduction to cosmology, we discuss the supergravity embedding of higher curvature models of inflation. The supergravity description of such models is presented for the two different formulations of minimal supcrgravity.

The IceCube collaboration has recently identified events due to ultrahigh-energy neutrino interactions. Predictions of the neutrino-nucleon cross section at ultrahigh energies require a huge extrapolation of the cross sections experimentally measured at laboratory energies. Upon relating neutrino scattering to deep inelastic electron scattering, we show that the empirically verified color dipole picture is well suited for such an extrapolation. The dominant contribution to the total neutrino-nucleon cross section, even at ultrahigh energies, is due to the kinematic range where color tranaparency is valid for the color dipole interaction. We deviate from various claims in the literature on the presence of screening effects due to non-linear evolution at ultrahigh neutrino energies.

We construct the world-volume action of a probe D3-brane in AdS₅ × S⁵ with N units of flux. It has the field content, symmetries, and dualities of the U(1) factor of 𝒩 = 4 U(N + 1) super Yang–Mills theory, spontaneously broken to U(N) × U(1) by being on the Coulomb branch, with the massive fields integrated out. This motivates the conjecture that it is the exact effective action, called a highly effective action (HEA). We construct an SL(2, ℤ) multiplet of BPS soliton solutions of the D3-brane theory (the conjectured HEA) and show that they reproduce the electrically charged massive states that have been integrated out as well as magnetic monopoles and dyons. Their charges are uniformly spread on a spherical surface, called a soliton bubble, which is interpreted as a phase boundary.

The following sections are included:

• Lecture I. Deterministic Quantum Mechanics
• Lecture II, Canonical Methods
• References

These lectures begin with a brief survey of the astrophysical and cosmological evidence for dark matter. We then consider the three principal theoretically motivated types of dark matter, sterile neutrinos, axions and SUSY WIMPs.

In chapter 4 we discuss the motivations for the so-called neutrino minimal standard model, nuMSM, an extension of the SM with three sterile neutrinos with masses similar to the charged fermions.

In chapter 5 we briefly recall the strong CP problem of the SM and the solution proposed by Peccei and Quinn leading to the prediction of axions and of their characteristics. We then discuss the experimental status and perspectives.

In chapter 6 we assume that the reader to be acquainted with the theoretical motivations for SUSY and move directly to the direct search for dark matter and the description of the principal detector techniques: scintillators, noble fluids and bolometers.

We conclude with an outlook on the future perspectives.

The LHC has delivered for the first time collisions of Nuclei in November 2010, at an energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair, which represents a jump of more than an order of magnitude over the highest energy nuclear collisions ever studied before. The high energy, the quality of the state-of-the art detectors, and the readiness of the experimental collaborations at the LHC have allowed a rich harvest of important scientific results. In this lecture a short overview will be given of how the results from the LHC, and in particular from the ALICE experiment, have provided new insight on the properties of matter under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, analogous to the conditions present in the early phases of the evolution of the Universe. Results from the proton-nucleus run, which took place in early 2013, will also be presented. Finally, a very short outlook to the future will be given.

The following sections are included:

• Introduction
• A short introduction to CMB physics
• Temperature spectrum and cosmological parameter estimation
• Some crosschecks
• Search for neutrino properties
• What can Planck could say about inflation
• Various other results
• The overhyped and overoptimistic claim of primordial gravitational waves detection
• Reflection on the future of CMB studies
• Conclusion
• References

The following sections are included:

• Introduction
• News from BNL since ISSP2013
• RHIC Operations and accelerator future plans
• Detector issues in A+A compared to p+p collisions
• N_ch, E_T distributions and constituent-quarks as the fundamental elements of particle production
• Collective Flow
• RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES)—in search of the critical point
• Jet quenching, RHIC’s main claim to fame
• References

Some 5 years ago, when discussing RHIC heavy ion experiments during the ERICE ISSP, the idea was proposed by Prof. A. Zichichi to study with different particle probes the “Quark:–Gluon–Colored–World” (QGCW), which is totally different from our world made of QCD colorless baryons and mesons.

Complexity is ill-defined: more than 60 definitions of Complexity exist. The simplest one is not followed by the Logic of Nature: two examples are GUT and Supersymmetry. The fundamental property of Complexity is the number of experimental evidences for its existence: these are only two, AFB & UEEC. Both of them exist at the two extreme levels of Complexity: the highest one (History) and the lowest one (Science). Complexity exist, no matter the energy and other properties into play. It is therefore crucial to know what Complexity can tell us on the existence of New Physics.

The following sections is included:

• DISCUSSION

The following sections is included:

• DISCUSSION

The following sections is included:

• DISCUSSION

The following sections is included:

• DISCUSSION

The following sections is included:

• DISCUSSION

The following sections is included:

• DISCUSSION

The following sections are included:

• CLOSING CEREMONY
  • Diplomas and Awards
  • Participants