Management Information and Optoelectronic Engineering

The following sections are included:

• Preface
• Table of Contents

According to the entrepreneur innovation survey questionnaire compiled by the National Bureau of Statistics, the paper makes the analysis from six aspects as follows: the affect of innovation on the survival and development of enterprises, the situation of enterprises to establish innovation strategy, the degree of influence of innovation types on enterprises innovation, the factors of the success of enterprises innovation, the effect of the incentive measures and the view of entrepreneurs on relevant policies of innovation, and then we find that the technological innovation of enterprises in Hebei Province has the major problems: the strategic goal of innovation is obscure, the innovative consciousness is weak, the enterprises put too much emphasis on material rewards, policy support is inadequate and so on, finally put forward appropriate countermeasures to solve these problems, hoping to provide references for the improvement of technological innovation capability of enterprises in Hebei Province.

The international maritime safety has been always the interest of the international economy due to the fact that over 90% world trade volume is shipped by sea. In reality, the international maritime safety is maintained by executing a maritime standard system consisting of maritime conventions, rules, regulations and guidance, all made by International Maritime Organization (IMO). The value of the paper lies in its distillation, summarization and remarks on the key philosophies and approaches among major international maritime instruments and maritime management practices, focusing on general system management methodologies, quality management system, Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) and Goal-Based Standards (GBS), with an aim to discover the paths of achieving modern maritime safety and to remind the interested parties to work in light of the trends of international maritime safety management.

In 100Gbps optical transport networks (OTN), the forward error-correction (FEC) techniques are used to reduce the errors which occur in transmissions. Normally, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to decode such high speed signal. Staircase codes combining with Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes are widely used in FEC OTN for their powerful error-correction capabilities based on the iterative decoding procedure. However, the structure of BCH staircase codes is complex so the decoding procedure will cost lots of field-programmable gate array (FPGA) logic resource. In this paper, an efficient FEC decoding algorithm in 100Gbps OTN is proposed to realize FEC decoding with less FPGA logic resource. The normal FEC decoding algorithm of BCH staircase codes based on matrix transposition, Berlekamp iterative algorithm and Chien-search cost lots of FPGA logic resource. To improve the algorithm, an efficient BCH codeword acquisition method and an improve BCH error correction algorithm based on look-up table is deduced in detail. Combining with the characteristics of staircase and BCH codes, an improved FEC decoding algorithm is proposed to save FPGA logic resource. Meanwhile, this improved algorithm can be extended to other FEC decoding systems in OTN. Finally, the simulation results show that the improved FEC decoding algorithm use the least logic resource comparing with the normal one.

In this paper, inspired by the idea of Non-symmetry and Anti-packing Model (NAM) representation method, we proposed an improved algorithm for the gray image representation by using the Line Non-symmetry and Anti-packing Model (LNAM), which is called the LNAM image representation method. Also, we present a LNAM representation algorithm of gray images, Storage structure and data analysis. By comparing our proposed LNAM method with the conventional linear quadtree (LQT) method, the experimental results presented in this paper show that the former can significantly reduce the lower bit rate and the number of storing node than the latter whereas remaining the satisfactory image quality.

Salesman is the main executor of product sales activities, playing an important role in the development of the enterprise. In this paper, we mainly studied competency model about the salesperson of Endurance Ltd. We adopted Behavioral Event Interview and questionnaire to analyze the salesman of the Endurance Ltd. And then defined the competency features and competency model of the salesman. In the article, the competency model consists of 27 competency features which was divided into 6 modules, including basic quality, customer-oriented, professional knowledge and skills, communication skills, self-learning ability and cooperation and solidarity. The competency model can provide reference for its employee selection and training and performance evaluation.

Accurate prediction of short-term electricity price provides effective decisionmaking guide for market participants. In this paper, least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) model is proposed and nonparametric generalized auto regressive conditional heteroscedasticity (NPGARCH) model is built for electricity price volatility of forecasting residuals to improve the prediction accuracy of price volatility, as well as precision of LSSVM model. This proposed model is applied to short-time price forecasting of the electricity market of Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM), compared with traditional LSSVM and generalized regression neural network (GRNN), the results show that NPGARCH-LSSVM outperforms the two models mentioned before, which can improve the prediction accuracy and reduce the prediction of price fluctuation.

Currently, college new media, represented by the internet and mobile media, have become major approaches for young people’s learning and life .There are three main models as college new media in Universities in Jiangsu. This paper emphasizes, introduces and explores the construction approaches emphatically of the models, they are respectively College Student Work Innovation Model based on WeChat, College Students’ Work Innovation Model based on PU Platform and College Students’ work innovation model under the background of ‘Internet+’. The student work in the background of Internet+ links school information release, student activity organization and second class development closely together, and meanwhile it can open up a welcome channel for freshmen to provide them with omnidirectional one-stop comprehensive guidance and services to explore a new mode of freshman education.

It was emphasized that building a resource-conserving friendly society during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. It is a major measure for building a moderately prosperous society that setting up the resource views of saving, economical, intensive and recycling. It is related to the developing sustainably and healthily of national economy. This paper construct the inputoutput model on demand elasticity of sub-sector energy consumption increasing energy consumption factors basing on the input-output table of 42 departments. The empirical analysis part of the main economic departments in Hebei province by the model calculation of induction degree coefficient, influence coefficient, energy consumption of each sector is analyzed on the basis of ripple effects. The results show that the energy spread effect exist diversity in different departments, so we should set out different energy saving measures to all sectors of the economy.

In order to study how the mobility of entities affect the public opinion evolution in network public sentiment dissemination, we design a model of network public opinion evolution based upon mobile cellular automaton. Based Margolus affecting neighborhood, we propose cellular mobile rules, evolution rules, the Attitude Consistency Group and the Phase Exchange Interval, aiming to explore the influence of the scope and speed of entities’ movement to the public opinion propagation speed. The simulation results show that, in the type of Margolus affecting neighborhood, entities’ mobility promotes more communication among entities, making public opinion spread faster and more widely, while groups of views and opinions present a phenomenon of agglomeration. Meanwhile, In the process of public sentiment dissemination, there comes a region with coexistence of assentient phase and opponent phase. We get the changing range of phases through many experiments in the random initial state with different initial support rate.

Temporal relation exits between concepts of time and event. It provides a natural clue for information organization. This paper studies the method of temporal expression recognition on the basis of information extraction and temporal denotation. We analyze the features of temporal expressions and conclude that the temporal expressions are constructed by temporal expression baseline and temporal expression director, which respectively indicate time reference and time point or time range and are the theory reference of recognition rules. Rule based method is used to extract explicit time information because of the certainty feature of it. Machine learning based method is used to recognize the implicit time information because there are no definite rules in it. The experiment shows the blended method is of relatively high accuracy and has higher recall rate than an individual method.

In order to help producers improve the quality of products and service provider higher quality services, a research on the feature and sentiment orientation mining of product review is necessary. In this paper, we introduce tasks that relate to the problem of product review sentiment classification and point out the main task of which is finding the sentiment orientation of a review is positive or negative. We propose a client perception based product feature mining algorithm using the sentiment analysis technology and realize the semantic analysis, dynamic extraction and general information mining on the product features and sentiment orientation. The feature and sentiment orientation of products are sorted by the weight of user interest, which helps customers access the conclusive review orientation more effectively. The experiment is based on real product review corpus downloaded from the internet, and it proved the effectiveness of the approach.

Relay communication by space network is the main method of future space-to-ground communication, however, space network has low stability and huge transmission distance. A kind of Raptor code for space network was designed by using simplified LDGM as outer code and truncated LT as inner code, besides, on the basis of the truncated distribution function raised by Shokrollahi, a degree distribution function for small file was designed to adapt to on-board processing capability of relay satellites. Simulation results show that this Raptor code has low complexity, and its decoding overhead is less than 15%, it can effectively adapt to spatial channels and reduce transmission delay. This Raptor code can meet the requirements of high-speed communication in space-to-ground relay communication.

Construction of comprehensive and systematic fund security early warning system has great significance for preventing fund risks and improving financial soundness aiming at large enterprise groups. In the paper, interaction characteristics of power grid enterprise group business flow and fund flow are firstly combed. On the basis, power grid enterprise group fund risk information database is established. Fund risks of power grid enterprises are divided into quantitative and non-quantitative fund risks. Corresponding early warning indicator system and administrative rule systems are constructed in order to dynamically and comprehensively preventing fund risks of power grid enterprise group.

There has been growing interest in exploring the topology structure of networks, especially multi-layer networks. However, with the rapid development of social media and technology, it has shown that modeling such multi-dimensional systems leads to a huge complexity in dealing with them. A fundamental open question is then how many layers are really needed to represent the systems, which has also attracted many scientists from various fields. Here we adopt the Von Neumann entropy theory to measure the information contained in network and through defining a distance based on it, we are able to reduce the number of network layers, as well as retaining the main characteristics of the whole system. Besides, in order to validate the method, we have built a benchmark networks which consists of three different kinds of networks to realize the aggregation process. Surprisingly, the method can not only reduce the redundancy but also distinguish the structure diversity, since it first merged the same kind of networks. Our results provide a better understanding of entropy theory and could also lead to interesting future research about how to reduce the structural reducibility of complex systems.

The paper presents a distributed architecture of pre-warning system to solve problems of the current network protection, such as low reliability of network events alarming, low efficiency and reliability of pre-warning and difficulties to monitor the whole network security status. The architecture includes three parts, detection domain, warning agent and local warning center. The system can percept and analyze all-round and multi-level security events by analyzing information from many monitoring equipment and safety probes deployed in the whole network. The system then forms the diagram of security situation and distributes pre-warning information immediately. The system applies all kinds of safety equipment and many technologies, such as event collection, synthesis analysis and data fusion technology to improve monitoring and pre-warning capability. The system can effectively detect anomalies, abnormal behavior and virus threats of the network, thus alleviates the harm of network intrusion and improves emergency response capability.

The uncertainty range of Doppler shift when GNSS receivers restart causes slow acquisition, in this paper we present an acquisition scheme with INS assistance to narrow down the Doppler search range. Doppler shift caused by user’s movement along LOS (Line of Sight) can be calculated based on the velocity provided by INS. Details of normal acquisition under different receiver dynamic in hot start are expounded firstly. Then inertial sensors error models are described and different grade INS velocity outputs are given. Simulations and comparisons are made to show the performance improvement of acquisition time in hot start with and without INS assistance. It is concluded that the acquisition time decreases with the INS assistance and performance improves more with higher grade INS. In conclusion, it is unnecessary to use INS to assist acquisition for low dynamic receiver during the hot start interval. For middle dynamic receivers, the consumer grade INS can offer effective velocity value for about 195 seconds, the automotive grade can provide available velocity for about 7 minutes, the time for tactical grade is about 77 minutes, and the navigation grade INS is serviceable during the whole hot start period. For the high dynamic users, the consumer INS can be useful for 10 minutes, the automotive INS can be effective for 17 minutes, and the tactical and navigation INS are always effective. The acquisition time can reduce 98.95% when velocity error is 5 m/s under high dynamic, 89.14% even when the velocity error is up to 500m/s.

With the features of comprehensiveness, complexity and continuity, the transnational power transmission project is likely to be affected by the international politics, diploma, energy strategy, environmental protection and other factors, therefore, it is difficult to make the independent evaluation for the whole efficiency from a point of quantitative view, nor simply replace the comprehensive evaluation by the project economic profits, otherwise, reached evaluation conclusion is easy to be overgeneralization. This paper will establish the general efficiency evaluation index model about transnational power transmission project to measure the general efficiency via establishing the general efficiency evaluation index model, researching the progress of latest general evaluation model method from the viewpoint of general efficiency connotation of the international power trade project, after that, the general evaluation value of the project can be directly reflected, finally, the paper outlooks the model application value in the future.

This paper research on construct an ontology to support the knowledge framework of “Network Operating System”, add implicit knowledge point relationship and use this ontology to implement a learning assistant system. We use ICTCLAS Chinese word segmentation to help domain-specific term extraction. Seven-step method is used to build course domain ontology, then add properties and characteristics to ontology, so computer can get and analyze the implicit relationships in knowledge. Then, we construct a learning assistant system based on the ontology we build, deal with the message user submit and parse out knowledge points relevant to it. Gain leading and follow-up knowledge point lists through ontology search. Set mapping file between course domain ontology and course sources in linked data way, helping achieve the convert from knowledge points to course sources, and helpful information will be displayed in system interface.

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a popular tool to measure the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). In the paper, the DEA model is applied to measure the relative productive efficiency about construction industry in Linyi city, the application focuses on cross-section data of the construction industry in 12 counties of Linyi city in 2014, accounting for two inputs (labor and operating costs) and one output (income tax). The results indicate that there are great gaps in productivity development level among 12 counties in the construction industry of Linyi. On the basis of the results analysis, some suggestions are provided to improve the performance of the construction industry and promoting the sustainable development of the construction industry between different counties.

It has been investigated that the crystal loss effect on the dynamical evolutions of rigid holographic bright solitons in photorefractive dissipative systems based on two-wave mixing. Numerical results show that the stability of rigid holographic bright solitons in such systems depends strongly on the crystal loss. The soliton formed at a given crystal loss can propagate stably in the crystal over a distance that is long enough; the input solitary beam can evolve into a stable soliton and propagate in the crystal when the crystal loss drift is quite small, whereas it will not evolve into a stable soliton and its intensity becomes increase or decrease with propagation distance if the loss difference is big enough. A potential application of these properties of rigid holographic solitons in optical attenuators or repeaters is discussed.

In the paper, the VRS DEA model is applied to measure the relative productive efficiency of logistics industry in Shandong province, the application focuses on cross-section data of the logistics industry in 17 cities of Shandong province in 2014, selecting thee inputs and one output. The results indicate that there are great gaps in productivity development level among 17 cities in the logistics industry of Shandong province. On the basis of the results analysis, some suggestions are provided to improve the performance of the logistics industry and promoting the sustainable development of the logistics industry between different cities.

This paper reviews and analyzes international experiences in electricity market regulation, and with full regard to China electricity sector future reform trends, starts from electricity market reforms, constructs scientific regulation system, analyzes its effects and puts forward regulation policy suggestions. It is suggested that the regulatory institutions redefine regulation goals and strategies in regard to various aspects and problems, establish comprehensive before-process, in-process and after-process electric power regulation procedures. It is recommended that the supervised power companies actively adapt to government regulation, establish a dedicated regulation service department.

The project management maturity model for military equipment medium-maintenance is built and applied to the evaluation of equipment maintenance organizational maturity grade, which help to provide improved process and enhance the managing competence of military equipment organization. This paper defines the knowledge scopes of military equipment maintenance project management, analyzes the four management courses of medium-maintenance, and the maturity grade and evaluation index system is also set up, based on which the project management maturity model for military equipment medium-maintenance is found. This paper also probes into the application of project management maturity model for military equipment medium-maintenance grounded on fuzzy integrated evaluation. The research indicates that the project management maturity model for military equipment medium-maintenance is the effective tool for competence improvement, and provide guidance for the military equipment maintenance construction.

RSSI (received signal strength indication) algorithm which based on ranging is widely used, but it is easily impacted by environment. It is difficult for the RSSI algorithm to position in the complex indoor environment, in order to solve the problem, an algorithm of the regional centroid indoor positioning based on Kalman filter, Gaussion filter and Statistics median filter (KGSM filter) was proposed. In the filtering algorithm, Kalman filter was used to smooth the random error firstly; then the Gauss filter was used to remove the significant error; finally, the Statistical median filter was used to further smooth the random error and suppress the relatively significant errors. After calculating the distance by the logarithmic-distance loss model, four different circumstances that the three circles intersect at one point, intersect in an area, two areas and three regions were discussed by the algorithm of trilateral. Finally, the estimated position was got by the algorithm of the regional centroid. The result of the experiment show that, KGSM filter is better than the traditional filtering in the complex indoor environment, the accuracy of the RSSI is improved by the KGSM filter, and the accuracy is kept between 0.7 meter to 1 meter, after the regional targeting, improving the accuracy and stability of the indoor positioning.

Sensor network system has been commercialized in the environmental monitoring of soil buildings. However, there had problems of insufficient data analysis model and network structure for soil monitoring of the building. The objectives of this research were: (i) the design of the sensor network system, install and acquire the soil building environmental data and (ii) multi-position temperature and moisture data acquisition and analysis. According to the requirements of data acquisition and analysis, we design tree structure sensor network, sensor and communication protocol of the data acquisition. Download the data and combine the simulation experiment, analyzing and modeling according to the experiment data. By analyzing the temperature and moisture data model according to the simulated rainfall experiment , we find that single position moisture content changing with time are basically identical with theoretical relations. It is proved that the design of this system meet the demands of the analysis of the temperature and moisture monitoring for soil building, and it has a high reliability.

The acceptance intention of MOOC plays a significant role in the efficiency of MOOC learning. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a new model concerning the influencing factors of employees’ acceptance of MOOC training is established, which is tested by 300 participants who use MOOC as a routine method of training. It concludes that technical features-perceived flexibility, perceived interactivity and perceived resource advantage, the organizational feature-organizational support and individual features-individual creativity and perceived self-efficacy can influence the acceptance intention indirectly through individual perception factors. Perceived easiness can influence the acceptance intention both directly and indirectly through perceived usefulness. According to these conclusions, several suggestions are provided to take better advantage of MOOC training.

As a key subject of equipment support mission planning, the relationship of equipment support mission decomposition and equipment support mission modeling is going forward one by one. We intergrade qualitative decomposition with quantitative modeling. Above all, starting at the essentials and principles analysis of mission decomposition, basing on synthetic micro-analytic approach, we design the decomposition method of equipment support mission. Then, basing on formalization model of equipment support mission, according to PERT Chart, Hexagonal Grid, L-R Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number etc. we analyze several key problems of equipment support mission modeling from three dimensions, which is time, space and information.

The motion simulation of tracked robot needs a physical model as real as possible. In view of the current situation: the existing models are mostly very complex, without experimental verification, and the majority is two-dimensional model, in order to develop a three-dimensional motion simulation platform, the simulation system including modules, such as remote control, communication protocols, motion simulation, terrain generation and three-dimensional display, is designed, the idea of dividing the motion simulation into two steps, plane motion and matching terrain, is presented, in order to achieve the three-dimensional motion simulation of the tracked robot on uneven ground.

With the rapid development of the Internet, social media growing prosperity, under the background of “new normal” of economy, how to use social networking and other Internet collaboration platform and media to carry out marketing activities, public relations, maintain and develop customer service, which posed a severe test to China’s small and micro enterprises. The growth of small and micro enterprises in our country is very difficult, but at the same time, it is accompanied by a lot of opportunities. Based on the analysis of the current development of small and micro enterprises in our country and current situation of social media marketing, this paper discusses the social media marketing strategy of small and micro enterprises under background of the “new normal” of economy.

A novel optical fiber video transmission system based on dynamic payload clock recovery technology is proposed to achieve high reliability transmission performances. In this transmission system, a dynamic payload clock recovery algorithm is introduced to detect the payload clock change automatically. Compared to traditional optical fiber video transmission system, the proposed designation combines the external Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL) and the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) PLL to recover the payload clock accurately. Another improvement is analyzing the Camera Link protocol and encoding the video signal with additional information for the clock recovery algorithm. Finally, the performance of the designed system is demonstrated by the simulations and experiment results in actual video transmission engineering projects. The result has proved the system can operate at a rate of up to 7.14Gbps and the transmission link is stable with no error for more than 72 hours.

Power quality disturbance identification and classification are important for power quality management, for which a new method is proposed to deal with power quality disturbance identification and classification based on GA-ELM (Genetic Algorithm-Extreme Learning Machine). Decompose the disturbance signals with wavelet for ten layers, it is proposed that using standard deviation and mean of the energy difference, and the ratio of them as the feature vectors. In addition, the root mean of disturbance signals and normal signals is calculated as a supplement in order to reduce the dimension of the importing vectors. The Input Layer and the Hidden Layer Connection Weights and Hidden Layer Neuron Threshold which are set randomly in ELM can influence classification accuracy. So it is proposed that ELM training error is used as the fitness function of GA to optimize Input Layer and the Hidden Layer Connection Weights and Hidden Layer Neuron Threshold to enhance the accuracy of classification and also maintain high classification speed. Simulation results demonstrate that this method can accurately and effectively identify seven common disturbance types.

In this paper, safe, reliable, economic and effective protection configuration plan are formulated, aiming at electrical railroad traction station power supply project. It is from the perspectives of electrical railroad traction station power supply protection characteristics, protection configuration and the relationship between power grid stability and traction station main transformer security. Meanwhile, simplification and optimization plan are proposed.

In conventional Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) Visible Light Communication (VLC) techniques such as Repetition Coding (RC), Spatial Multiplexing (SMP), and Spatial Modulation (SM), the energy utilization is not optimal. In this paper, in order to overcome this defect, a novel constellation design for MIMO indoor VLC systems is proposed, in which the symbols from different spaces collaborate so closely that the average optical power is minimized under the constraint that the minimum Euclidean distance is fixed. Therefore, this new constellation is called space-Collaborative Constellation (CC). Computer simulations demonstrated that: 1) CC gets the optimal average optical power when compared to RC, SMP and SM under the same condition; 2) CC also performs better than other schemes under different spectrum efficiencies, except for the case at low one when compared to RC; 3) The performance of CC gets better with dimension increasing.

A method applied in Monte Carlo Numerical Simulation (MCNS) is developed to acquire the impulse response where existing relative constant motion is between the transmitter and receiver. With the simulation results, the motion of transceivers affecting the optical wireless underwater communication is researched.

As the Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) has been applied to flow velocity measurement for many years, it is still difficult to process the Doppler signal in solid velocity measurement, especially with high acceleration. In order to address this issue, an Instantaneous Frequency (IF) extraction method for Doppler signal is demonstrated in this paper. First, the Doppler signal is denoised by wavelet to make the signal smoother. Then, the denoised signal is normalized by empirical Amplitude and Frequency Modulation (AM-FM) decomposition. At last, the improved Direct Quadrature (DQ) method is adopted to extract the IF from the normalized signal. A simulated Doppler signal whose IF is changed from about 25 KHz to 80 KHz in 50 milliseconds is used to validate the effectiveness of this method. The result indicates that this method is able to extract the IF with high accuracy and computation speed.

Based on the existing coaxial Bragg structure with sinusoidal ripples, the ripples depth remains unchanged and again, smaller sinusoidal superposition cycle, the improved coaxial Bragg structure is proposed. Based on the mode-coupling method, comparative study is carried out for the frequency response. Results demonstrate that the interval between the band-gaps is broadened, and the bandgap overlap of modes can be efficiently separated by use of the improved coaxial Bragg structure. The residual side-lobes of the frequency response also can be effectively suppressed and the Q factor is greater. These peculiarities of the improved coaxial Bragg structure with Sinusoidal ripples provide potential advantage in constructing a coaxial Bragg cavity with high quality factor for single higher-order-mode operation of a high-power free-electron maser and also are favorable to improve the performance as a reflector or a filter in its applications.

To further explore the waveform characteristics of the near-field free space lightning electromagnetic pulse field, the mutual relationships between the lightning electromagnetic field at different heights of the near-field region and return stroke channel base current were theoretically researched. Based on TL model, the relationship between the near-field region space LEMP and the return stroke current has been deducted theoretically. By changing the return stroke current waveforms and contrasting precise LEMP waveforms with approximate expressions, it was found that the scope of the approximate expression of the near-field free space horizontal electric field was increasing as the rising time of the return stroke current waveforms were shortened, while the scope of magnetic field was greatly reduced.

Commom method have low sorting rates and is rensitive to the Signal Noise Radio (SNR), thus, resemblance coefficient of bispectrum two dimensions characteristic is applied to sort unknown complicated radar signal to obtain high sorting rate. The bispectrum of received signal is extracted, and it is predigested to two dimensions characteristic. A rectangle pulse sequence and triangle pulse sequence are constructed. Then, the resemblance coefficient of two dimensions characteristic with rectangle pulse sequence and triangle pulse sequence are gained, and they are used as the sorting parameters. The bispectrum of different signal is distinguishing and it is not sensitive to SNR and the resemblance coefficient is divisible and steady. The advantage of this new method is validated by simulation results and the sorting rate is not less than 86% at SNR of 5 dB.

Software testing plays an important role in software quality and reliability assurance, especially the ergodic and effectiveness of FPGA and other embedded software testing need further research. Aiming at tackling the coverage and effectiveness of FPGA embedded software testing, major problems in the process of FPGA software testing are analyzed, testable design and verification program based on digital simulation are brought forward. Top-Down design for testability, combined with system-level simulation and digital quantization is introduced to produce complete input and output test vectors based on system-level model or algorithm. The test vector and hardware description language input and output modules are compared to verify the design correction of FPGA software code module function wholly. A FPGA software testing process is established at all stages of the software development, combined with the actual situation of testing and verification.

To identify power theft of sensitive users, this paper proposes a method, which is on the basic principle of “Measurement Error conforms Gaussian Distribution”, to search for illegal electricity users. The judgmental method of illegal electricity is to adopt the early stage of the historical load data to create user load forecasting database. In this case, a Load Confidence Interval using BP Neural Network Prediction will be set up to analyze the measured values that come from remote electricity metering. Then, the values, which are identified to be natural, would be concluded as the samples of the database parameters for reappraisal in order to improve the accuracy of the method. The cases listed have proved that the assessment method has a decent practicability in finding illegal electricity usage.

To eliminate multipath interference and noise in atmospheric laser communication, a frequency domain equalization method based on Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion is proposed. In this method, the channel frequency domain response can be estimated by sending several training sequences. The noise variance can be estimated by setting decision threshold and subsequent received signal separation. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique is utilized to convert the signals to frequency domain, thereafter, the channel compensation can be achieved by multiplying the converted signals with their corresponding equalization coefficients. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the system performance under the strong atmospheric scattering channel. Compare to the Zero-Forcing (ZF) equalization method, the proposed method can achieve nearly 4 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) performance improvement at the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) of 10⁻³.

With the rapid development of information technology and the wide application of electronic devices, the electromagnetic environment becomes more complex, external electromagnetic pulse may interfere with the electronic device at any time, affecting its normal work. Therefore, the electromagnetic pulse effect evaluation of electronic equipment is particularly important. In this paper, the complex electronic equipment system is like a “black box”. It introduces the minimum phase method, regarding the electronic equipment systems to satisfy the condition of minimum phase signal transmission system. Its system impulse response can be obtained by measuring its input and output signals, and then to predict the electromagnetic pulse waveform of the equipment. In the experiment, the effect of the predicted waveform is verified.

The artificial neural network has a very good application in pattern recognition and classification, and the characteristics of high-speed parallel computation of FPGA can be used in the hardware realization of neural network. Through the design of hardware implementation of neural network unit, the proposed method was introduced and realized the design of incentive function, neuron in MAC address module and data storage module, as well as hardware. There are also analysis and comparison of the common methods of the realization of the incentive function. This paper proposed to solve the data representation and multiplication accumulation calculation process on the hardware platform. It provides an important foundation and necessary precondition for the construction of hardware neural network.

According to the situation of serious harmonic pollution and lower power factor in enterprise’s distribution system with photo-voltaic, an analysis and a summary on possible problems of power quality were made. A governance program that is to install active filter on enterprise’s distribution system with photo-voltaic has been proposed, and the feasibility of this program has been validated with an instance. Firstly, the authentic date from an enterprise’s flied test was analyzed and the present problems of enterprise’s distribution system were simulated with matlab. Then, after the active filter is installed and the simulation of the improved systems turned out that the content of each harmonic decreased apparently. At the same time, the power factor improved to the standard on power quality.

IRFPA has become the leading chip in Infrared domain. Infrared trackers use different image size, such as 320×240 and 256×256. In order to simulate these trackers, a method is proposed which uses detector’s optional window format. It uses low noise technology to design the peripheral circuit and precision voltage reference to realize the bias voltage. All of the detector’s digital signals are insulated by optocouplers. FPGA is used to realize most of the functions, such as interface control, windowing mode, analog to digital convert, video display, RS422 interface and algorithms of non-uniform correction, automatically blind pixel elimination, etc. It can be used in many fields, such as proving the algorithm of recognition and tracking. The results show that the imaging system has the advantages of good image quality, good environmental adaptability, good expansibility and high reliability.

Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology has aroused great attention these days as Light Emitting Diode (LED) is becoming the dominant source for artificial lighting. Previous research on VLC mainly focuses on the high speed transmission, which not only brings about extraordinary implementation complexity but also severely impairs the communication distance. This paper resolves low speed application scenarios, and proposes a simple implementation for VLC with long communication distance. A demo system without extra complex devices is set up as well. Test result demonstrates that the proposed VLC system can realize reliable optical wireless communication between two Personal Computers (PCs) at the distance of several meters, which contributes to the practical development of VLC technology.

Framing tube was used to assess the symmetry of imploding targets in laser driven inertial confinement fusion experiments. A pulse dilation framing tube is introduced, which utilized pulse-dilation technology and the magnetic lens. The spatial resolution of the tube was simulated by the Finite Difference Method (FDM), the Four orders Runge-Kutta (RK4) method and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). The influence of magnetic field distribution on spatial resolution of tube is also researched. The uninformed axisymmetric magnetic field is produced by the magnetic lens and computed by the FDM. The trajectories of the electrons were traced by the RK4. The spatial resolution was calibrated by the MTF. The simulation results demonstrated that the obvious influence of magnetic field distribution on spatial resolution and the magnetic field distribution was determined by the Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of magnetic field along the axis of a magnetic lens and the numbers of magnetic lenses. The results verified that the pulse-dilation framing tube using magnetic lens is entirely feasible and the tube achieved higher spatial resolution with the smaller magnetic field. The spatial resolution (10–90% rise), about 200 μm for the tube using three or four magnetic lenses was simulated. The pulse dilation framing tube with high temporal and spatial resolution is a possible use for measuring the high-energy electron trans-port rates in fast ignition experiments and analyzing the symmetry of the late-stage implosion of highenergy targets and the burn wave dynamics for igniting targets.

Based on direct and indirect measurements, this paper proposes condition evaluation methods and grading standards of energy-storage equipment in photovoltaic system, which is relatively rare in current researches. This paper, first, establishes a basic model of condition evaluation; then, calculates the indirect measurements of energy-storage equipment in photovoltaic system. Considering the probable errors resulting from uncertain parameters of battery models when using BP neural network algorithm to evaluate lithium battery’s State Of Health (SOH), it adopts Fuzzy-Neural network algorithm optimized by taboo-genetic algorithm. Finally, it grades direct and indirect measurements according to the grading standards. After calculating the weight value of criterion layer by analytic hierarchy process, it uses condition evaluation methods to obtain the equipment’s current state of health. The practical calculation proves the effectiveness of this method and these evaluation results provide scientific basis for further risk assessments and maintenance decisions.

For improving the technique of laser monitoring and performance of laser monitoring system, a research on a new transceiver laser monitoring system based on Michelson Interferometer is conducted. Firstly, the connection between sound waves and interference pattern is introduced. Then, 650nm DFB laser and 1550nm DFB laser are used in both to realize the system. Two lasers are used for optical path adjustment and real monitoring respectively. Using light splitter to divide one laser to two lasers for differential processing, linear CCDs to collect interference pattern, and sound restore algorithm, the sound waves are finally recovered. The whole research proved the feasibility of the system, which can recover sound waves from vibration of glass, by MATLAB software simulation and real optical structure.

Due to its excellent insulating and arc-suppression properties, sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is widely used in gas-insulated switchgear. Under high voltage discharge condition, SF6 decomposes into various by-products according to discharge scenarios. As a product of greater occurrence probability, the formation mechanism of SOF₄ is so far unclear. In this paper, high level quantum chemical method is used to research the mechanism of decomposition reaciton and products, in the presence of trace air or H₂O. For each reaction product, a detailed generatation pathway is provided, including the data and energy structure of reaction intermediates and transition states. The simulation results explain the experimental results accurately, and provide new understanding and support for the judgment of the discharge reaction state and subsequent electrical aging. These results are very helpful to build SF₆/H₂O/O₂ reaction model, and demonstrate the electrical aging process from microcosmic angle.

Most power estimation methods of the traditional coarse-grained reconfigurable processors use simulation method, although the accuracy is higher, but the efficiency is very low. According to the characteristics of coarse grained reconfigurable computing processor, this paper proposes a new method of power estimation based on the macro power model. This method builds a multiple linear equation which is based on the theory of multiple linear regression, and estimates the total power of the processor through the equation. Macro power model consists of variable and regression coefficients. Data word width, working frequency and intensive calculation amount of application algorithm as parameter variable are chosen. They have important impact on power. Regression coefficients express the contribution degree of variable to power. It could be solved by low level gate simulation under different input vectors. The macro power model of reconfigurable pipelined processor is constructed by using the architecture of coarse grained reconfigurable pipelined processor as an example. Matrix multiplication is used to test the different combinations of macro power model variables, and the average error between the estimated and the actual analog values is 14.12%, which speed is hundred times faster than the traditional simulation method. The experimental results demonstrate that the macro power model is an efficient and accurate power estimation method.

The analytical solutions of Two-Photon Screening Photovoltaic (TPSP) spatial solitons are obtained in biased two-photon photovoltaic photorefractive crystals. Under lowamplitude conditions, the dynamical evolution equations degenerate into Manakov equations, the analytical soliton solutions of these Manakov equations are investigated in detail. The analytical expressions of the full width at half maximum are obtained for bright and dark TPSP solitons. The results demonstrate that Manakov soliton can exist in biased two-photon photorefractive crystals. The bright TPSP solitons have analytical expressions of secant profile and the dark ones have analytical expressions of tangent profile. The results also demonstrate that the widths of bright and dark TPDP soltions are inversely proportional to the square root of the combination of the external applied electric field and the photovoltaic field.

Large diameter aspherical reflector machining technology is a kind of technology which has big difficulty, long process cycle and high production cost. Therefore, the machining efficiency and accuracy are reduced. But now the intelligent large diameter aspherical reflector machining technology greatly increases the machining efficiency and accuracy. This paper introduces intelligent large diameter aspherical reflector machining technologies. Intelligent large diameter aspherical reflector machining technology is a technology to make the skill of the advanced optical machining person digitization and quantization. Compared with traditional optical machining technology, intelligent optical machining technology makes the judgement of the optical shape more accurate, control of the process more reliable, machining efficiency and machining accuracy greatly improved. Take 1.3m diameter aspherical reflector as an example. Before manufacture, PV of the mirror is 8722nm and RMS is 1230nm. After simulation and manufacture, PV of the mirror is 4948nm and RMS is 358nm and PV of the mirror is 5390nm and RMS is 356nm respectively. The PV error between simulation and manufacture is +8.93%. The RMS error between simulation and manufacture is -0.56%. These results prove that intellectualized large diameter aspherical reflector manufacture technology is highly efficient and accurate.

In recent years, many transformer failures occurred. In fact, the main reason was that the DiBenzyl DiSulfide (DBDS) in the transformer oil caused the corrosion of copper wind. In order to solve the problem, the content of corrosive sulfur DiBenzyl DiSulfide (DBDS) in insulating oils was tested by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The quantitative detection methods of DBDS, which use internal standard method, were built by exploring the experimental condition. Experimental results demonstrate that utilization of GC-MS method for measuring contents of DBDS in insulating oil is of good veracity and with recovery of 85.6%∼100.6%. This means good repeatability, relative standard deviation of five times paralleled measuring results of DBDS is within 0.72%.

The free space transmission is an important research content in terahertz technology. The beam collimation is the key to the free space transmission. Nowadays, positive lenses are widely used in terahertz beam collimation. Compared with visible laser, the wave front of terahertz beam is neither plane wave nor spherical wave but mixed. From theoretical derivation, these negative lenses are more appropriate for terahertz beam collimation than positive lenses. The positive lenses with big F number can improve the energy utilization ration which are good for the space transmission but do little to improve the beam collimation. The parameter for negative lens depends on terahertz laser and propagation distance. Experiments demonstrate that the negative lens with f’ = −101.6mm can improve the terahertz beam collimation from 6°to 0.1°, while the positive lens with f’ = 101.6mm at the best position can make beam convergence with an angle of 2°. The discovery will make a big difference in the free space transmission and terahertz imaging.

The surface Partial Discharge (PD) triggered by immobilized metal wire on Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) insulators in terms of the discharge phenomena alongside its evaluation process was researched in this paper. With the application of gradually increased voltage, long-term tests were conducted on a well-established 252kV GIS experiment platform to observe the entire evolution process of PD from its very initiation till the eventual flashover. Ream-time measurement was undertaken during the tests to capture the trend curve as a result of test time. The results indicate that PD initiated by defects in GIS can be classified into three severity levels, namely, petty discharge, medium discharge, and threatening discharge. Moreover, a procedure based on k-means cluster analysis is proposed to diagnose and assess the severity of PD automatically.

A new K-band fourth order bandpass filter is proposed in this paper based on Substrate Integrated Circular Cavity(SICC) resonators. Taking advantage of the multilayer substrate wiring merit of the Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic(LTCC) technology, four resonant cavities which are stacked vertically in proper order are coupled through inductive circular arc slot or capacitive hole. The novel three-dimensional structure makes the filter more compact compared to the same type of traditional planar filter, and it still maintains a good frequency selection performance. TM₀₁₀ mode is chosen as the dominant mode of the SICC, which makes the design more flexible. I/O CoPlanar Waveguide(CPW) feeds are applied for planar circuit integration. The measured results show that insertion loss of the designed SICC filter is less than 1.55 dB and return loss of the filter is greater than 13.04 dB in the passband centered at 18.45 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 10.8%. The stopband of the designed filter is from 16.16 GHz to 21.5 GHz with a rejection over 30 dB. Measured results demonstrate good agreements with the simulation results.

Most of the electric power accidents occur because of the damage of the extreme weather. Meanwhile, the meteorological disaster has the greatest influence on the power system. This paper chooses a selected region in Southeast China as an example, and collects the electric power accident data continuously for 48 months and corresponding data of 15 meteorological factors of this region. Then, using logistic regression to establish the impact model of meteorological factors to research on the relations between electric power accidents and weather conditions. After that, use the test data collected of another year to check the accuracy of the established model. The model is mainly used to set up a warning system on protecting the security of power grid. The electric power corporation can choose relevant preventive measures to reduce the possible losses that are caused by the hazard weather in the future.

Accurate theoretical calculation of the outcome light that goes through an ideal spherical vapor cell and generated the matrix of transmissivity based on calculation results has been determined. The calculation demonstrates that the transmissivity of the spherical vapor cell is related to positions. For different incident light, the outcome light shows different character with the highest transmissivity for linearly polarized light is 88.43%. When the incident light is a uniform circularly polarized light field, the outcome light field is nearly a uniform field. Then simulating images and experiment are provided. The comparison between these two results has proved the validity of the calculation and simulation. The method proposed in this paper is useful to quality inspection on spherical vapor cell. The calculation and simulation method has provided possible ways to quality inspection for spherical surface and can also be improved to apply on inspection on other curve surfaces.

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