This monograph aims at presenting a unified approach to numerical modeling of tsunami as long waves based on finite difference methods for 1D, 2D and 3D generation processes, propagation, and runup. Many practical examples give insight into the relationship between long wave physics and numerical solutions and allow readers to quickly pursue and develop specific topics in greater depth. The aim of this book is to start from basics and then continue into applications. This approach should serve well the needs of researchers and students of physics, physical oceanography, ocean/civil engineers, computer science, and emergency management staff. Chapter 2 is particularly valuable as it fully describes the application of finite-difference methods to the study of long waves by demonstrating how physical properties of water waves, especially phase velocity, are connected to the chosen numerical algorithm. Basic notions of numerical methods, i.e. approximation of the relevant differential equations, stability of the numerical scheme, and computational errors are explained through application to long waves. Finite-difference methods are further developed in major chapters to deal with complex problems that arise in the study of recent tsunamis.
Sample Chapter(s)
Preface
Chapter 1: General Equations
Contents:
- Preface
- General Equations
- One-dimensional Motion
- Investigations into Tsunami Generation Processes
- Tsunami Propagation by Vertically Integrated Equations
- Near-shore Tsunami Transformations
- Tsunami Wave Dispersion
- 3D Numerical Model and Application
- Tsunami Mapping Development in the Gulf of Mexico
- Bibliography
- Index
Readership: Researchers and students in physical oceanography, ocean/civil engineers, computer science.
"In a very skillful and methodical manner — the authors provide new insights on the subject of numerical modeling, its gradual upgrading, and updates with what is being done presently with state-of-the-art, high-performance computers, which allow for even more accurate simulations of tsunami waves generated from a variety of source mechanisms — whether from earthquakes, landslides, or other sources. In addition to validating the results with historical data, the monograph provides several conclusions concerning the effects of various source characteristics on wave generation, propagation and termination — all of great importance in both understanding these processes, but also of being of significance to Tsunami Warning Systems in issuing more accurate predictions, and thus enabling Civil Defense Authorities to evaluate the tsunami risks and take measures that will protect human lives, properties and important infrastructure … this monograph represents an outstanding work of scholarship and a valuable reference for any researcher involved in numerical modeling."
Science of Tsunami Hazards
"Reproducing and predicting tsunamis using numerical models not only helps us understand various phenomena such as earthquakes on the earth, volcanic areas and slips, but also saves lives from sudden tsunamis attacks. Entering the 21st century, the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, and the 2018 Indonesian Palu earthquake and tsunami have occurred one after another, resulting in the loss of many lives and great damage. There is a short time between the occurrence of the tsunami and the arrival at the coastal area and the run-up on land. And during that time, appropriate evacuation is possible by notifying the arrival of the tsunami estimated by numerical models. Furthermore, if the inundation area of the tsunami can be known in advance, it will be possible to plan evacuation plans, land use including the design of tide embankments and breakwaters which should be possible to reduce a lot of damage.
For that purpose, a highly reliable tsunami numerical model and analysis technology are required, and this book comprehensively introduces from the basics to the application. Since there are various causes of tsunami generation, it is necessary to devise a lot when setting the wave source. In addition, wavenumber dispersibility is important in the propagation process to the coast. In coastal areas and land areas, it is difficult to develop numerical models because they are more complicated than shallow water deformation and breaking waves. There are various methods for numerical analysis, and it is important to confirm stability and reliability in addition to improving accuracy. You can carefully introduce such a process and learn how to solve the difficulties."
Fumihiko Imamura
Professor of Tsunami Engineering
IRIDeS, Tohoku University
