Fine Sediment in Open Water is mainly written for professional engineers working in estuaries and coastal systems. It provides the basis for a fundamental understanding of the physical, biological and chemical processes governing the transport and fate of fine sediment in open water and explains how this understanding can steer engineering studies with numerical models. This is a unique treatment of processes at a variety of spatial and temporal scales, from the micro-scale (colloid scale) to system-wide scales, and from intra-tidal time periods to decades.
Beginning with the processes governing the transport and fate of fine sediment in shallow open water, the first eight chapters are dedicated to the hydrodynamic, soil mechanics and biological processes which determine fine sediment concentrations in the water column, in/on the bed and the exchange of sediment between bed and water column. The next two chapters treat the net fluxes of fine sediment as a function of asymmetries in forcing and sediment properties. These fundamental processes form the basis for the subsequent chapters on modeling in which the governing equations are presented, and tools are provided to aggregate and parameterize the various processes elaborated in the first eight chapters. Further, any numerical model study should be based on a conceptual model, as illustrated in the final five chapters, which provide examples of numerical modeling studies on the transport and fate of fine sediment in a coastal sea, an estuary, a tidal river, a lake, and around and within a harbor basin.
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Sample Chapter(s)
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction
Contents:
- Preface
- Introduction
- Cohesive Sediment Properties
- The Benthic Boundary Layer
- Settling and Deposition
- Consolidation and Strength
- Erosion of Cohesive Sediment: Pick-Up Functions at Below-Capacity Conditions
- Fluid Mud
- Biological Effects
- Transport and Fate of Mud in Estuaries and Tidal Basins
- Transport and Fate of Mud in Coastal Waters
- The Governing Equations
- Model Schematization
- Good Mud-Modeling Practice
- Modeling SPM in Shallow Seas: The North Sea
- Modeling SPM in Estuaries: The Scheldt Estuary
- Modeling SPM in Tidal Rivers: The Lower Ems River
- Modeling SPM in Shallow Lakes: Lake Markermeer
- Modeling SPM in Harbor Basins: Port of Antwerp
- Appendix A: Measuring Fine Sediment Properties
- Appendix B: Terminology
- Nomenclature
- Bibliography
- Index
Readership: Professional engineers and academics studying the transport and fate of fine sediment in open water systems, particularly marine waters. Parts of the book are also appropriate for MSc and PhD students as an introduction to the subject.
Johan C Winterwerp is an expert on morphodynamics and sediment transport, with a focus on fine, cohesive sediments. In 2017, he retired from an almost 40-year career at Deltares (formerly Delft Hydraulics) and Delft University of Technology. Winterwerp has been responsible for basic research and consultancy on sediment transport and morphological development in estuarine and coastal environments, often within a Building with Nature framework. He has executed many hydrodynamic, hydro-thermal, and hydro-morphological studies in almost 30 countries across the world as project leader and as an expert in multi-disciplinary project teams, using the various mathematical models developed by Deltares (Delft Hydraulics), field work, scale model tests and laboratory analyses. Amongst these are sediment transport studies for the ports of Rotterdam, The Netherlands; of Antwerp in the Scheldt estuary, Belgium/Netherlands; of Cochin, India; for Neva Bay, St. Petersburg, Russia; for the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Java, Indonesia; for the Yangtze estuary and Yellow River, China; for the Humber estuary, UK; for the Loire estuary, France; for the Amazon River and Patos Lagoon, Brazil; and for the Atchafalaya estuary and Hudson and Passaic River, USA. Furthermore, he has worked on the mud-mangrove coasts of Thailand, Guyana, Suriname, Bangladesh and Indonesia. Presently, his focus is on Building with Nature solutions for engineering and managerial problems.
Professor Winterwerp is dedicated to basic research into the behavior and properties of cohesive sediments and the application of the results to estuarine studies through his part-time affiliation as professor at the Delft University of Technology. He is an author/co-author of more than 150 publications in scientific journals and reference books and contributed to many international conferences — these publications have been cited more than 7,000 times, and two publications have received international awards. Prof Winterwerp was editor of two international journals and reviewer for ten other journals.
Thijs van Kessel is an expert in the transport and dynamics of sediment in water systems, working at Deltares since 1997, when he completed his PhD-thesis on the generation and transport of fluid mud layers. He has been involved in multiple research and consultancy projects concerning a wide range of sediment transport phenomena in estuaries and coastal areas both in the Netherlands and abroad. His experience lies in desk studies and numerical modeling, field data analysis and laboratory tests. Typical applications are on harbor siltation and dredging, fluid mud behavior and consolidation, turbidity modeling linked to ecological models and interactions between sand-mud and organic matter on sediment properties. His contribution to this book is based upon 25 years of experience.
Dirk S van Maren has worked in muddy environments for the past 20 years. After completing a PhD degree in 2004 at Utrecht University on the morphodynamics of the Red River Delta in Vietnam, he joined Delft Hydraulics (later Deltares) and the Delft University of Technology. Since 2020 he has been a visiting professor at the State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research at East China Normal University. His main expertise is on quantifying the impact of human interventions on the dynamics of tides, sediment transport and morphology, and providing innovative solutions to mitigate these impacts. This requires a cross-scale analysis of sediment transport processes, from small-scale turbulence and flocculation to large-scale delta morphodynamics. This broad range of process scales converges through the application of sophisticated numerical models. His experience covers the globe, but is concentrated on the Netherlands, Asia, and the United States. He has (co-)authored over 50 scientific journal publications and many international conference proceedings, and is an editor with the Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.
Bram C van Prooijen is a specialist in hydrodynamics and sediment transport in estuaries, tidal basins and coastal seas. He completed his PhD in 2003 on turbulence in shallow mixing layers and worked for engineering consultancy Svasek Hydraulics. In 2008, he started working at the Delft University of Technology, where he now holds a position as associate professor. He teaches courses on Fluid Mechanics and Sediment Dynamics and has supervised over 70 MSc students. He contributes as a promotor of PhD candidates to various ongoing research projects in the Dutch systems Western Scheldt, Eastern Scheldt, North Sea and Wadden Sea and to projects in the Yangtze Estuary. In these projects, he combines analysis of historic data, field observations and conceptual and numerical modeling to determine the impact of human interventions and climate change on the coastal system. He applies and develops his expertise in turbulence, erosion formulations, sediment fluxes, and interactions between ecology and sediment transport. He has been a reviewer of seven journals and has (co-)authored over 60 papers in scientific journals and conference proceedings.
