The World Scientific Reference of Water Science

The need for low-cost, real-time, sensitive, and selective detection of a wide range of analytes in water presents exciting opportunities for innovations in sensing modalities, materials, mechanisms, and systems, and in sensor manufacturing. Real-time and low-cost smart sensors can play a critical role in managing our water resources. Smart sensors can improve the safety of drinking water supplies by providing early warning of contamination, save energy and protect the environment by monitoring the water quality before and after a water treatment process for the precision dosing of energy and chemicals, and enable fit-for-purpose water treatment to facilitate water reuse. The demand for these types of water sensors is further driven by the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and data analytics empowered by machine learning. Combined with big data analytics, real-time water sensors will enable the efficient management of precious water resources through the use of sensor networks and distributed information processing for a smart, connected, and resilient next-generation infrastructure.

Volume 1 is a collection of state-of-the-art water sensing research based on molecular engineering and technologies, including field-effect transistors, optical fibers, electrochemical technologies, surface acoustic-wave technologies, DNA and aptamer-based technologies, microfluidic technologies, and smart phone-based technologies. The studies involve zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional nanostructured materials, metal organic frameworks, and self-healing materials, as well as the additive manufacturing of water sensors. The contaminants addressed include heavy metals, bacteria and microorganisms, pesticides, organic compounds, phosphates and nitrates, various biomolecules, and other hazardous materials in water. This volume is a valuable reference for researchers and undergraduate students and graduate students who are entering this exciting field.

• Field-Effect Transistor Sensors Based on 2D Nanomaterials for Detecting Contaminants in Water (Xiaoyu Sui, Guihua Zhou, Haihui Pu, Ganhua Lu, Shun Mao, Xiaoyan Chen and Junhong Chen)
• Innovative Optical Fiber Approaches for Water Quality Monitoring (Stephanie Hui Kit Yap, Kok Ken Chan and Ken-Tye Yong)
• Liquid-Phase Chemical Sensors (Fabien Josse, Florian Bender and Antonio J Ricco)
• Strategies for Development of Protein-Based Biosensors for Detecting Aromatic Xenobiotics in Water (Subhankar Sahu and Ruchi Anand)
• Functional DNA Sensors for Heavy Metal Ions and Microbial Contaminants in Water (Ana Sol Peinetti, Ryan Lake and Yi Lu)
• DNAzyme-Based Biosensors and Their Applications in Monitoring Environmental Water Sources (Erin M McConnell, Meghan Rothenbroker and Yingfu Li)
• Biological and Chemical Sensors for Monitoring Water Quality (Suresh Neethirajan)
• Electrochemical Water Sensing Technologies (Mohammad Rizwen Ur Rahman, Jiang Yang, Sundaram Gunasekaran and Woo-Jin Chang)
• Phosphates Analysis in Water: State-of-the-Art Technologies and Challenges (Mehenur Sarwar, Jared Leichner, Ghinwa Melodie Naja and Chen-Zhong Li)
• Metal Organic Framework-Based Sensors for Water Contaminants Detection (Shun Mao and Xian Fang)
• Smartphone-Based Sensors for On-Site Water Quality Monitoring (Xiangheng Niu, Nan Cheng, Dan Du and Yuehe Lin)
• Large-Scale Assembly of Nanostructure-Based Sensors for Real-Time Bio-Analysis in Water (Inkyoung Park, Jin-Young Jeong, Viet Anh Pham Ba, Narae Shin, Dong-guk Cho and Seunghun Hong)
• Microfluidic Devices for Water Quality Management (Vivekanandan Palaninathan, D Sakthi Kumar, Dorian Liepmann, Ramasamy Paulmurugan and Renugopalakrishnan Venkatesan)
• Underwater Self-Healable Materials for Sensing Applications (Muhammad Khatib, Tan-Phat Huynh and Hossam Haick)
• Additive Manufacturing of Graphene-Based Sensors for Environmental Applications (Harrison A Loh and Konstantinos A Sierros)