Effective Pandemic Response: Linking Evidence, Intervention, Politics, Organization, and Governance

This multi-volume reference set contributes new thinking and evidence to a critical global issue: How can we better understand, prepare for, and respond to global health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic which shocked the whole planet in recent years? This is foundationally relevant to a global infectious disease crisis, but there are other pandemics — non-communicable diseases, mental health, climate change, commercial impacts on health — that also require effective responses.

This set uniquely combines the evidence and perspectives from diverse disciplines ranging from public health sciences such as epidemiology, medical and clinical sciences, and social sciences including political science, economics, and organizational science. These views are brought together through an innovative new framework linking evolving disease-focused science with analysis of the interaction of Institutions, Politics, Public Health Systems Organization, and Governance processes (IPOG) to address crises. More is needed than the technical perspectives on preparedness and response from public health and medical science to be ready for current and future crises in population health.

Volume 1 focuses on the gathering of intelligence and evidence and its use for population-focused and clinical intervention through the crisis evolution and resolution. Volume 2 introduces institutions, politics, organization of public health systems and governance (IPOG) as key "upstream" determinants of pandemic response with insights from social science and its applications in pandemic response. It describes the framework and methodology for using the IPOG approach. Volume 3 collects a wide range of jurisdiction-based analyses of how IPOG factors influenced different experiences in pandemic preparedness and response in case studies of national and sub-national experiences in North America, South America, Africa, Northern and Central Europe, and South Asia.

What emerges are imperatives for future investment in preparedness and response for population health, for researchers working together across disciplines, and for the education and training of future leaders, practitioners, and researchers. All of these efforts should be enhanced and coordinated to recognize the impact of IPOG processes and be prepared to respond to them in future crisis and expand our knowledge to support this preparation.

• Volume 1: Understanding and Controlling Pandemics: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 (David Patrick and Ashley Larnder):
  • Introduction:
    • What Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Taught Us? (David Patrick)
  • The Biological Underpinnings of Infection and Transmission:
    • SARS-CoV-2: The Virus (Annika Lea Schulz, Mel Krajden, and François Jean)
    • Virus Meets Host: SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis (Jeremy Huynh and Mel Krajden)
    • Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 (Marianne Schwarz, Daniel Coombs, and Michael Irvine)
  • Situational Awareness:
    • Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 and the Role of Laboratories (Sanam Javidanbardan and Muhammad Morshed)
    • Public Health Surveillance for the COVID-19 Pandemic (Simon Anderson, Bisola Shobowale, and David Roth)
  • Public Health Measures in the Community:
    • Screening, Contact Tracing, Quarantine, Isolation, and Restrictions on Travel (Melissa Jung Chao, Mark Lysyshyn, and Ali Okhowat)
    • Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions: Masking, Indoor Air Quality, Physical Distancing & Barriers, and Hand Hygiene (Hailey Phillips, Michael Brauer, and Michael Schwandt)
  • Management of COVID-19 in the Healthcare System:
    • Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Settings (Kathleen Belliveau and Titus Wong)
    • Therapeutics for COVID-19 (Rodrigo Solis Pompa and Srinivas Murthy)
  • Immunizations:
    • Vaccine Design, Effectiveness, Immunogenicity, and Safety (Samantha Sinclair, Julie A Bettinger, and Manish Sadarangani)
    • Immunization Program Planning (Sanchita Sivaraman and Monika Naus)
  • Societal Factors:
    • Risk Communication Strategies for the Infodemic: Lessons from Canada's Convoy Movement (Sarah Dunn, Tania Bubela, and Anne-Marie Nicol)
    • Exploring the Impact of Institutions, Governance, Organization, and Politics in Relation to the Pandemic Response (Aisha Zerbo, Bill Zhao, and Candice Ruck)
  • Epilogue:
    • A Better Future: Pandemic Preparedness Within Broad Public Health Practice (David Patrick)
• Volume 2: Institutions, Politics, the Organization of Public Health Systems, and Governance in Pandemic Response: Perspectives from Theory and Practical Concepts (Peter Berman):
  • Improving the Response to Future Pandemics Requires an Improved Understanding of the Role Played by Institutions, Politics, Organization, and Governance (Peter Berman, Maxwell A Cameron, Sarthak Gaurav, George Gotsadze, Md Zabir Hasan, Kristina Jenei, Shelly Keidar, Yoel Kornreich, Chris Y Lovato, David M Patrick, Malabika Sarker, Paolo Sosa-Villagarcia, Veena Sriram, and Candice Ruck)
  • How Have Researchers Defined Institutions, Politics, Organizations, and Governance in Research Related to Epidemic and Pandemic Response? A Scoping Review to Map Current Concepts (Austin Wu, Shivangi Khanna, Shelly Keidar, Peter Berman, and Laura Jane Brubacher)
  • Exploring the Impact of Institutions, Politics, and Organization on Governance as Decision-Making in Pandemic Response (Peter Berman)
  • Investigating the Influence of Institutions, Politics, Organizations, and Governance on the COVID-19 Response in British Columbia, Canada: A Jurisdictional Case Study Protocol (Laura Jane Brubacher, Md Zabir Hasan, Veena Sriram, Shelly Keidar, Austin Wu, Michael Cheng, Chris Y Lovato, UBC Working Group on Health Systems Response to COVID-19, and Peter Berman)
  • Timeline Analysis for Probing the Impact of IPOG Factors on Pandemic Response (David M Patrick)
  • Politics, Political Science, and the Pandemic (Kevin Croke)
  • Is There a "Public Health System"? How Can We Describe Its Organization? (Peter Berman, Elvira Bridget, and Candice Ruck)
  • Decentralization and COVID-19 Policies (Thomas J Bossert, Gregory P Marchildon, and Dian Kusuma)
  • Comparing Public Health Systems Across Canada: System Structures, Reforms, and the Pandemic Experience (Harman S Sandhu, Sara Allin, Robert Schwartz, and Erica di Ruggiero)
  • Finding the Balance: Unpacking Policy Processes and the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in British Columbia, Canada (Laura Jane Brubacher, Veena Sriram, Leah Shipton, Maxwell A Cameron, Chris Y Lovato, and Peter Berman)
  • Global Pandemic Governance: Prevention, Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic (Julianne Piper and Kelley Lee)
  • Afterword (Peter Berman)
• Volume 3: The Impact of Institutions, Politics, Organizations, and Governance on Pandemic Response: Jurisdictional Case Studies (Peter Berman and Candice Ruck):
  • Introducing Volume 3: The Impact of Institutions, Politics, Organizations, and Governance on Pandemic Response — Jurisdictional Case Studies (Peter Berman and Candice Ruck)
  • How Public Health Organizational Structure Affected the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in British Columbia, Canada (Peter Berman, Michael Cheng, Elvira Bridget, Laura Jane Brubacher, and Candice Ruck)
  • Pandemic Response in the American Heartland: Examining the Influence of Politics and Public Health Organizations on Governance and Decision-making in Iowa, USA (Austin Wu)
  • Navigating Political Uncertainty and Centre—State Dynamics in Pandemic Response: Insights from Maharashtra, India (Arpit Arora, Khushboo Balani, Himali Mhatre, Sarthak Gaurav, Sujata Saunik, Satish Agnihotri, and Subodh Wagle)
  • Pandemic Governance: Unraveling Bangladesh's COVID-19 Response Through Systems Thinking (Md Zabir Hasan, Syeda Tahmina Ahmed, Shams Shabab Haider, Mrittika Barua, and Malabika Sarker)
  • A Tale of Two Outbreaks: How South Korea Transformed the Governance, Organization, and Institutions of Public Health Between MERS and COVID-19 (Candice Ruck)
  • Health System Response to COVID-19: A Case Study from Chile (Paula Margozzini Maira, Paula Bedregal García, Javiera Flaño Olivos, and Thomas J Bossert)
  • Ecuador Case Study: Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Through the IPOG Framework (Michael Touchton and Brian Goldberg)
  • Ghana's COVID-19 Response Through the Lens of the IPOG Framework (Prince Adu)
  • The Roles of Upstream Factors in Ethiopia's COVID-19 Pandemic Response (Bereket Yakob, Tsinuel Girma, Fekede Asefa, Abebayehu Tora, Shelly Keidar, Wubrest Tesfaye, Girmaye Dinsa, Mirkuzie Woldie, Tizta Tilahun, and Peter Berman)
  • Institutional and Political Factors Affecting the COVID-19 Response in Georgia (George Gotsadze, Maia Uchaneishvili, and Andrew Sydenstricker)
  • The Swedish Approach to the COVID-19 Pandemic (Jennie Helmer and Jennifer Murray)
  • Analysis of Norway's National Holiday Directives During the COVID-19 Pandemic from an IPOG Perspective (Jennifer Joy Anderson, Candice Chiu, and Aanchel Gupta)
  • Afterword: Reflections on IPOG Drivers of Pandemic Preparedness and Response (Peter Berman and Candice Ruck)