Annual Analysis of Competitiveness, Simulation Studies and Development Perspective for 34 Greater China Economies: 2000–2010

The following sections are included:

• About ACI
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• List of Economies
• List of Abbreviations
• Directory of Tables and Figures

The following sections are included:

• Review 1: Working Hard to Further Improve Competitiveness by Dr Tang Min, Counsellor, the State Council & Executive Vice-Chairperson, YouChange China Social Entrepreneur Foundation & Council Member, China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development, People's Republic of China
• Review 2: A Review of the “Annual Analysis of Competitiveness, Simulation Studies and Development Perspective for 34 Greater China Economies: 2000–2010” by Dr Zhang Jun, Director, China Center for Economic Studies & Vice Dean, Fudan Development Institute, Fudan University, People's Republic of China
• Review 3: Factor Endowments, Regional Transitions and Competitiveness Cycles — A review of the “Annual Analysis of Competitiveness, Simulation Studies and Development Perspective for 34 Greater China Economies: 2000–2010” by Dr Wei Houkai, Deputy Director, Institute for Urban and Environmental Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), People's Republic of China
• Review 4: Financial Reforms, Internationalization of RMB and the Shanghai International Financial Centre by Dr Zuo Xiaolei, Chief Advisor to the President, China Galaxy Securities Company Ltd, People's Republic of China

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Anhui as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Anhui is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Anhui from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Anhui. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Beijing as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Beijing is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Beijing from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Beijing. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Chongqing as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Chongqing is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Chongqing from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Chongqing. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Fujian as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Fujian is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Fujian from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Fujian. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Gansu as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Gansu is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Gansu from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Gansu. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Guangdong as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Guangdong is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Guangdong from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Guangdong. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Guangxi as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Guangxi is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Guangxi from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Guangxi. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Guizhou as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Guizhou is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Guizhou from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Guizhou. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Hainan as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Hainan is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Hainan from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Hainan. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Hebei as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Hebei is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Hebei from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Hebei. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Heilongjiang as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Heilongjiang is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Heilongjiang from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Heilongjiang. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Henan as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Henan is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Henan from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Henan. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Hong Kong as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Hong Kong is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Hong Kong from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the What-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Hong Kong. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Hubei as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Hubei is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Hubei from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Hubei. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Hunan as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Hunan is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Hunan from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Hunan. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Inner Mongolia as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Inner Mongolia is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Inner Mongolia from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitivenes. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the What-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Inner Mongolia. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Jiangsu as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Jiangsu is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Jiangsu from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the What-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Jiangsu. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Jiangxi as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Jiangxi is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Jiangxi from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Jiangxi. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Jilin as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Jilin is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Jilin from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Jilin. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Liaoning as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Liaoning is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Liaoning from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Liaoning. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Macau as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Macau is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Macau from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Macau. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Ningxia as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Ningxia is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Ningxia from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Ningxia. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Qinghai as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Qinghai is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Qinghai from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Qinghai. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Shaanxi as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Shaanxi is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Shaanxi from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Shaanxi. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Shandong as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Shandong is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Shandong from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Shandong. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Shanghai as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Shanghai is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Shanghai from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Shanghai. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Shanxi as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Shanxi is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Shanxi from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Shanxi. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Sichuan as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Sichuan is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Sichuan from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Sichuan. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Taiwan as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Taiwan is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Taiwan from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Taiwan. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Tianjin as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Tianjin is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Tianjin from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Tianjin. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Tibet as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Tibet is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Tibet from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Tibet. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Xinjiang as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Xinjiang is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Xinjiang. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Yunnan as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Yunnan is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Yunnan from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Yunnan. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of government and private sector.

This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and development strategies of Zhejiang as part of 34 Greater China Economies' economic development. In Section 1, an introduction including major economic sectors and activities, infrastructure and official policies of Zhejiang is presented. Section 2 summarises the competitiveness rankings of Zhejiang from 2000–2010 among 34 Greater China Economies, and assesses relative competitiveness with analyses of median and maximum competitiveness. Furthermore, the analyses of top 20% weakest and strongest indicators as well as the what-if competitiveness simulation analysis are provided. Section 3 discusses the development strategy for Zhejiang. Section 4 concludes this chapter with achievements, potential, shortcomings and roles of the government and the private sector.

The following sections are included:

• Appendix 1: List of Indicators
• Appendix 2: Computation of Rankings: The Algorithm