Effects of Cram Schools on Children's Mathematics Learning

This chapter begins with a literature review of the role of cram schools and how parents and children perceive them in Taiwan. Interviews were conducted to understand the view of primary school teachers concerning the impact of cram schools on school mathematics learning and instruction. Despite controversial opinions on the merits of cram schools, their growing popularity can be attributed to the increasing demand from parents and children. On the one hand, primary school teachers perceive a positive impact of cram school attendance on children's mathematics learning, as evidenced by better computation skills, completion of homework, and greater self-confidence in mathematics. However, they disagree with rote-learning emphasized in cram school instruction and criticize its failure to develop concepts among children. Cram schools have a negative influence on children's understanding of mathematical concepts as well as flexible application of knowledge. Suggestions for improving children's mathematics ability and learning in cram schools are made.