APPLICATION OF X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY IN TRIBOLOGY
The following sections are included:
Introduction
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Using Synchrotron Radiation
Detection Methods
Comparison of Laboratory XPS and XANES
Antiwear Films Generated from Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs)
XANES Characterization of Model Compounds
Polyphosphate Chain Length Effect on P K and L Edge XANES
Cation Effect P K and L Edge XANES
O K Edge XANES Spectra of Model Compounds
S K Edge XANES of Model Compounds
Characterization of Tribochemical Films Using XAS
EXAFS Characterization of Antiwear Films and Wear Particles Generated from ZDDPs
XANES Characterization of Antiwear Films Generated from ZDDPs
ZDDP in Combination with Other Additives
ZDDP + Detergents and Dispersants
ZDDP + Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate (MoDTC)
Polyphosphate Film Thickness Using P K Edge XANES Spectroscopy
XANES Studies of Phosphate Coatings Generated from ZDDPs
X-ray Spectromicroscopy
X-ray Spectromicroscopy of Alkyl and Aryl ZDDP Derived Antiwear Films
Neutral and Overbased Ca Sulphonate in Combination with and without ZDDP
Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments
References