ArticlesNo Access

SYNCHRONIZATION MEASURES OF THE SCALP ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM CAN DISCRIMINATE HEALTHY FROM ALZHEIMER'S SUBJECTS

MARK A. KRAMER

Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

Present address: Center for BioDynamics, Boston University, 111 Cummington Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Search for more papers by this author

FEN-LEI CHANG

Indiana University School of Medicine — Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA

Search for more papers by this author

MAURICE E. COHEN

Department of Radiology, UCSF-Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA

Search for more papers by this author

DONNA HUDSON

Family and Community Medicine, UCSF-Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA

Search for more papers by this author

, and

ANDREW J. SZERI

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

Corresponding author.

Search for more papers by this author

https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129065707000932Cited by:54 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

Three synchronization measures are applied to scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected from 20 patients diagnosed to have either: (1) no dementia, (2) mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or (3) Alzheimer's disease (AD). We apply the three synchronization measures — the phase synchronization, and two measures of nonlinear interdependency — to the data collected from awake patients resting with eyes closed. We show that the synchronization in potential between electrodes near the left and right occipital lobes provides a statistically significant discriminant between the healthy and AD subjects, and the MCI and AD subjects. None of the three measures appears able to distinguish between the healthy and MCI subjects, although MCI subjects show synchronization values intermediate between healthy subjects (with high synchronization values) and AD subjects (with low synchronization values) on average.

References

(2005) Statistics about Alzheimer's disease. [Online]. Available: http://www.alz.org/ . Google Scholar
D. S. Knopman, B. F. Boeve and R. C. Petersen, Mayo Clin. Proc. 78, 1290 (2003). Crossref, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar
R. L. Ernst and J. W. Hay, American Journal of Public Health 84, 1261 (1994). Crossref, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar
R. P. Brenner, C. F. Reynolds and R. F. Ulrich, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 69, 110 (1988), DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(88)90206-4. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
U. Schreiter-Gasser, T. Gasser and P. Ziegler, Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 86, 15 (1993). Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
V. Jelicet al., J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 63, 59 (1997). Crossref, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar
C. Besthornet al., Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 95, 84 (1995). Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
W. S. Pritchardet al., Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 91, 118 (1994). Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
K. O'Connor, J. C. Shaw and C. O. Ongley, Br. J. Psychiatry 135, 156 (1979), DOI: 10.1192/bjp.135.2.156. Crossref, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar
C. Besthornet al., Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 90, 242 (1994). Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar
G. Adler, S. Brassen and A. Jajcevic, J. Neural Trans. 110, 1015 (2003), DOI: 10.1007/s00702-003-0024-8. Google Scholar
A. S. Pikovskyet al., Physica D 104, 219 (1997), DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2789(96)00301-6. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
J. Arnholdet al., Physica D 134, 419 (1999), DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2789(99)00140-2. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
R. Q. Quirogaet al., Phys. Rev. E 65, 041903 (2002), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.041903. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
C. J. Stam and B. W. van Dijk, Physica D 163, 236 (2002), DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2789(01)00386-4. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
C. J. Stamet al., Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2, 90 (2003). Google Scholar
P. L. Nunez and R. Srinivasan , Electric Fields of the Brain ( Oxford University Press , 2006 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar
W. J. Freeman, Int. J. of Bif. and Chaos 2, 451 (1992), DOI: 10.1142/S0218127492000653. Link, Google Scholar
T. Schreiber, Phys. Report 308, 1 (1999), DOI: 10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00035-0. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
R. Q. Quirogaet al., Phys. Rev. E 65, 041903 (2002), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.041903. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
H. Abarbanelet al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 65, 1331 (1993), DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.65.1331. Crossref, Web of Science, Google Scholar
M. Breakspear, Hum. Brain Mapp. 15, 175 (2002), DOI: 10.1002/hbm.10011. Crossref, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar
E. Pereda, R. Q. Quiroga and J. Bhattacharya, Prog. Neurobiol. 77(1–2), 1 (2005), DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.10.003. Crossref, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar