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Ameliorative Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica on Renal Histologic Alterations in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria

Correspondence to: Dr. Oluwole Busayo Akinola, Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria.

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Zatta Laura

Department of Comparative Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy

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Dosumu Olufunke Olubusola

Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria

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Akinola Oluwafunmike Sharon

Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria

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Dini Luciana

Department of Comparative Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy

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, and

Caxton-Martins Ezekiel Ademola

Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X11009299Cited by:11 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

We studied the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (AIE) on the microanatomy of the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats (161–190 g) were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups of six animals each: control, diabetic, diabetic + AIE, diabetic + metformin, AIE only. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg body weight). AIE and metformin were administered orally for 50 days (50 d) at 500 mg/kg bw/d and 350 mg/kg bw/d, respectively. Blood glucose was estimated by glucose oxidase method; plasma urea and creatinine were assayed; and paraffin sections of the kidney were stained by periodic acid-Schiff technique. Untreated diabetic rats exhibited marked hyperglycemia. Renal histopathology of these animals showed features of diabetic nephropathy, with nodular glomerulosclerosis and vacuolation of proximal tubule cells (Armanni-Ebstein phenomenon). These feature were absent in the diabetic rats treated with AIE. Besides, plasma urea and creatinine were not significantly different from the control in this group (p > 0.05), in contrast to the untreated diabetic rats, where significant increases in these markers (p < 0.05). These findings showed that the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica ameliorates hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in rats.

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