PapersNo Access

NANOMECHANICAL MAPPING OF CARBON BLACK REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY

Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan

Corresponding author.

Search for more papers by this author

Hideyuki Nukaga

Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan

Search for more papers by this author

So Fujinami

Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan

Search for more papers by this author

, and

Ken Nakajima

Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan

Search for more papers by this author

Cited by:1 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has the advantage of obtaining mechanical properties as well as topographic information at the same time. By analyzing force-distance curves measured over two-dimensional area using Hertzian contact mechanics, Young's modulus mapping was obtained with nanometer-scale resolution. Furthermore, the sample deformation by the force exerted was also estimated from the force-distance curve analyses. We could thus reconstruct a real topographic image by incorporating apparent topographic image with deformation image. We applied this method to carbon black reinforced natural rubber to obtain Young's modulus distribution image together with reconstructed real topographic image. Then we were able to recognize three regions; rubber matrix, carbon black (or bound rubber) and intermediate regions. Though the existence of these regions had been investigated by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance, this paper would be the first to report on the quantitative evaluation of the interfacial region in real space.

Invited lecture presented at the International Symposium on Polymer Physics, 2006, Suzhou, China.

Keywords:

References

T. Nishi and K. Nakajima, Kobunshi Nano Zairyo, ed. Kobunshi Gakkai (Kyoritsushuppan, Tokyo, 2005) p. 71. Google Scholar
G. Binnig, C. F. Quate and C. Gerber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930 (1986). Crossref, Google Scholar
S. N. Magonov and M. H. Whangbo, Surface Analysis with STM and AFM (VCH, Weinheim, 1996) p. 277. Google Scholar
K. Nakajimaet al., Kobunshi Ronbunshu 62(10), 476 (2005). Crossref, Google Scholar
K. Nakajimaet al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3850 (1997). Crossref, Google Scholar
Y. Teradaet al., J. Appl. Phys. 87, 2803 (2000). Crossref, Google Scholar
M. Komuraet al., Polym. J. 38, 31 (2006). Crossref, Google Scholar
H. Nukagaet al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 5425 (2005). Crossref, Google Scholar
Y. Fukahori, Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi 76(12), 460 (2003). Crossref, Google Scholar
Y. Fukahori, Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi 77(1), 18 (2004). Crossref, Google Scholar
Y. Fukahori, Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi 77(3), 103 (2004). Crossref, Google Scholar
Y. Fukahori, Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi 77(5), 180 (2004). Crossref, Google Scholar
Y. Fukahori, Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi 77(9), 317 (2004). Crossref, Google Scholar
Y. Fukahori, J. App. Polym. Sci. 95, 60 (2005). Crossref, Google Scholar
S. Fujiwara and K. Fujimoto, Rubber Chem. Tech. 44, 1273 (1971). Crossref, Google Scholar
S. Kaufman, W. P. Slichter and D. O. Davis, J. Polym. Sci. Part A2 8, 829 (1971). Google Scholar
T. Nishi, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 12, 685 (1974). Crossref, Google Scholar
J. O'Brienet al., Macromolecules 9, 653 (1976). Crossref, Google Scholar