Nanotechnology-based Artificial Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Micron Dimension Artificial RBCs with Ultrathin Polymeric Membrane

  • Hemoglobin

  • Carbonic anhydrase

  • Catalase

  • Immunological studies

• Intravenous Injection

  • Polymeric membrane artificial RBCs 1 micron and larger

  • Neuraminic acid and circulation time of red blood cells

  • Effects of surface charge of polymeric particles on circulation time

  • Artificial rbc's with sulfonated nylon membrane

  • Polysaccharide incorporation

  • Summary

• Submicron Lipid Membrane Artificial RBCs

  • Composition and preparation

  • Methemoglobin

• LEH in Animal Studies

  • Circulation time after infusion

  • Safety of lipid membrane artificial rbc's

  • Efficacy in exchange transfusion, hemorrhagic shock and hemodilution

  • Summary

• Nanodimension Biodegradable Polymeric Membrane RBCs

  • Introduction

  • Nanodimension biodegradable polymeric membrane artificial rbc's

  • Safety and reasons for selection of polylesters as the biodegradable polymer membrane

• Characterization of Nano Artificial RBCs

  • Electromicroscopic appearance

  • Size distribution of polylactide membrane artificial rbc's

  • Other properties

  • Steady shear viscosity determination

• Safety and Efficacy of Nano Artificial RBCs

  • Amount and fate of PLA membrane

  • Efficiency in nanoencapsulating hemoglobin

  • Oxygen affinity, Hill coefficient and Bohr effect

  • Enzymes and multienzymes

  • Nano artificial rbc's containing metHb reductase system

  • Nano artificial rbc's permeable to reducing factors

  • Enzymes and multienzymes in PLA nano artificial rbc's

• Circulation Time of Nano Artificial RBCs

  • Circulation half-life of PLA artificial rbc's

  • Different types of PEG-PLA copolymers for nano artificial rbc's

  • Analysis of results

  • Relevance for clinical application in humans

• General

• Method of Preparation of Biodegradable Polymeric Nano Artificial RBCs