CHAPTER 1: SEPARATION-BASED METHODS COMBINED WITH MICRODIALYSIS SAMPLING FOR MONITORING NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND DRUG DELIVERY TO THE BRAIN

The following sections are included:

• Introduction

• Probe designs used for microdialysis sampling of brain, blood, and tissue

  • Rigid cannula

  • Flexible cannula

  • Linear probe

  • Shunt probe

• Analytical considerations of microdialysis sampling

  • Concentrations of analytes of interest

    • Recovery/extraction efficiency

    • Calibration methods

      • In vitro calibration

      • Retrodialysis

      • No-net flux and dynamic no-net flux

      • Ultra-low flow rate

  • Changes in recovery due to biological responses

  • Spatial and temporal resolution considerations

  • On-line versus off-line analysis

• Separation-based methods coupled to microdialysis sampling

  • Liquid chromatography

  • Capillary electrophoresis

  • Microchip electrophoresis

• Neurochemical applications of microdialysis sampling

  • Blood-brain barrier transport

  • Epilepsy studies

  • Chemobrain studies

  • Neuropeptide metabolism studies

  • Correlating neurotransmitters to behavior in awake animals

    • Freely moving animals

    • Freely roaming animals

• Conclusions and future directions

  • On-animal separation-based sensors

  • Clinical systems employing separation-based sensors

• Acknowledgments

• References