Research PaperNo Access

Department of Physics, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, West Azerbaijan, Urmia 63896, Iran

E-mail Address: alirezakhalili2002@yahoo.co.in

Corresponding author.

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James Wanliss

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-6529

College of Engineering, Anderson University, Anderson, SC, USA

E-mail Address: jawanliss@presby.edu

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X24500593Cited by:0 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

In this paper, fractal space–time, the Hubble horizon and the energy–momentum tensor are examined in relation to the FLRW metric. It offers a Fractal Friedman equation along with its answer. Also included is the scale factor, which includes fractal structures for closed, flat and open universes. They offer fresh insights into the behavior and evolution of the universe through detailed plots that vividly illustrate their potential cosmological implications.

Keywords:

PACS: 05.45.Df, 98.80.Jk

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