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Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan

Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India

https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127425500300Cited by:0 (Source: Crossref)

Abstract

Plants transmit messages through chemical blends, namely Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), regarding the news of herbivory to the neighboring plants and natural carnivorous enemies of herbivores. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the blends of Herbivore-induced Plant Volatile (HIPV) help to improve plant growth by recruiting natural enemies of herbivores. We present HIPV-mediated model-based analysis of plant–herbivore–carnivorous natural enemy interaction and explore the complex dynamical behavior. We emphasize the interplay between system parameters, mainly the predation rate and HIPV-induced recruitment rate of natural enemies of herbivores, and emergent dynamical states. The proposed system experiences various changes like oscillatory state to steady-state through Hopf-bifurcation, alternative steady states, and collision of two coexistence equilibria through saddle-node bifurcation. We simultaneously explore the characteristics of basin of attraction, basin transition, and its correlation with system parameters. We thoroughly explain the importance of alternative steady states on plant fitness and the existence of all populations. Based on the high-dimensional Bendixson criterion, we show the global stability of the coexistence equilibrium point. Moreover, we perform numerical simulation to support all possible analytical outcomes and discuss some concluding remarks on the positive impact of HIPV in enhancing plant growth after herbivory damage by signaling natural enemies of herbivores as a reinforcement.

Keywords:

References

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