Narrow Results

Under the influence of globalization and informatization, the world is gradually becoming a community, and adolescents need corresponding literacy and competence as world citizens in the international community. Based on literature combing and in-depth interviews, this study determines the theoretical conclusions and initial entries of the adolescent global citizenship scale, and revises the entries through the Delphi Method. The final scale was formed through item analysis, factor analysis, reliability, and validity test. The adolescent global citizenship scale includes three-dimensions of global awareness, citizenship, and sustainable development perspective, with a total of 21 items. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 54.86%; the results of the validation factor analysis showed that the model fit was good. The standardized coefficients of each item in each dimension of the scale were greater than 0.5, the combined reliability was 0.86, 0.89, 0.86, and the total Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.87. Therefore, the reliability of the Adolescent Global Citizenship Scale is good, and it can be used in related research.

Clavicle has a number of peculiar features in the human skeleton. It is the only long bone lying horizontally and the first bone to begin ossification, among other features. It is also a peculiar and unusual site for an expansile lytic lesion which, if present, would raise multiple diagnostic possibilities. We present this unusual case of an expansile lytic lesion in the medial end of clavicle in an adolescent girl and the possible differential diagnoses.

A case in the Hong Kong Chinese context is presented in this paper to illustrate the use of both quantitative (Holland's SDS) and qualitative career assessment (Card Sorts) to help a 16-year-old girl overcome career indecision. Guided by both Holland's Hexagonal Career Types Theory and Socio-Cognitive Career Theory, a career counsellor can promote a client's positive changes after two counseling sessions. This case supports Tracey's (2002) and Nauta et al.'s (2002) postulated bidirectional causal path between self-efficacy and interests. In addition, it highlights that partial match instead of perfect match between Self-directed search (SDS) scores and choice of academic major is more pragmatic or effective while performing quantitative assessment. Finally, it points to the need for establishing local SDS norms, examining the Holland codes for occupations in Hong Kong, and researching the link between congruence and maximal career outcomes in future research.

A Galeazzi-equivalent lesion occurs in children and adolescents following a traumatic distal radius fracture when the strong radioulnar ligaments and relative weakness of the ulnar physis result in an avulsion-type Salter-Harris III fracture of the distal ulna. In unreduced fractures, the osteogenic nature of the torn periosteal sleeve may result in the formation of a bifid distal ulna. We describe two cases of bifid distal ulna that developed after missed Galeazzi-equivalent lesions. The first case was treated with resection of the volar limb and reduction of the ulnar fracture, whereas the second case was treated with simple resection of the dorsal limb. Negative ulnar variance developed in both cases.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Case report)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can impair postural stability and balance functions. Boston brace systems with varying external corrective force strategies are used as one of the common conservative treatments in AIS. Although multiple studies have found that various orthotic therapies enhance curve advancement, the effects of spinal bracing on postural equilibrium and stability remain unknown. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of the immediate use of custom-made Boston-type thoraco-lumbo-sacral orthosis (TLSO) on balance and postural stability in AIS. Postural balance using the center of pressure (CoP) measures was measured by the HUMAC^Ⓡ Balance & Tilt System (CSMi, Stoughton, MA). The line laser tool (Bosch, GLL 3 X P, Stuttgart, Germany) was used for measuring the decompensation distance for postural evaluation. The balance parameters such as stability score (%), path length (cm), average velocity (cm/s), and compensation–decompensation for posture were evaluated and compared between brace-on and brace-off conditions. Improvement of standing posture indicates spinal symmetry and cosmesis whereas enhancement of static balance was statistically nonsignificant ($p$ > 0.05). Although the mean stability score, path length and average velocity of CoP in braced condition (91.4 ± 4.57, 115.62 ± 22.34 cm and 1.05 ± 0.12 cm/s) was found to be improved than unbraced condition (90.5 ± 5.09, 121.46 ± 35.52 cm and 1.11 ± 0.24 cm/s), the results were nonsignificant ($p$ = 0.078, 0.425 and 0.263). The scoliotic compensation was improved in the braced condition (0.64 ± 0.60 cm) compared to brace-off condition (1.74 ± 0.61 cm) showing improved posture ($p$ = 0.00013). Wearing the custom-made Boston-type TLSO showed positive effects on static posture and mean balance parameters. In future studies, the long-term effectiveness of this brace should be examined in patients with different spinal curve patterns and degrees of scoliosis.

While dramatic improvements in cancer survival have been achieved over the past 30 years, the outcomes for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are inferior to those of children for many cancer types. The reasons for this ‘survival gap’ which affects AYAs are complex, and relate to unique features of young people, the cancers that they are diagnosed with and the health care systems that care for them. Adolescence and young adulthood is a time of profound biological, psychological, and social change which powerfully affects the way they experience a cancer diagnosis and its treatment. AYA patients often are disengaged from the health care system and lack a usual place of care. The cancers that afflict AYA comprise a unique spectrum, including cancers of both children and older adults alongside a small range of tumours unique to this age range. Furthermore, paediatric and adult oncology specialities have evolved more or less independently, resulting in arbitrary differences in access to resources and expertise, and further dilution of caseloads. Adult AYA health care in particular is widely dispersed across many institutions, exacerbating this situation. Finally, all of these factors and the relative rarity of cancer in this age group have resulted in a paucity of research on which to provide an evidence base for clinical care.