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Lawsonia inermis Linn Leaf extract has been evaluated in alkaline solutions for its influence on electroless Ni–P alloy deposition on mild steel. During electroless plating, the effect of experimental processing conditions on deposition rate is investigated. Bath compositions and operational parameters have been optimized. The findings indicate that increasing the volume of additives from 0.5mL to 5mL improves the inclusion rate of electroless Ni–P alloy coating. In the absence of a complexing agent, additive Lawsone exhibits additional structural features and phases. The deposition rate and the corrosion rate of the Ni–P deposits were estimated, respectively, from the weight loss after a period of time. It is recommended to replace sodium citrate with Lawsone.Lawsone’s effect acting as a complexing agent on Ni–P electroless coating was explored utilizing SEM, EDAX, AFM, FTIR, and XRD, as well as corrosion investigations. Polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to assess the corrosion efficiency.

Two analytical techniques for the determination (within the limits of validity of the free electron model) of the absolute atom concentration (AAC) are reported in details. One of these may be useful for the determination of a AAC for chemical elements (e.g. hydrogen) which are not easy to detect. EELS is used.

This study employs precise, accurate, and efficient analytical and numerical techniques to obtain novel and accurate solitary wave solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) equation. The Khater II (Khat II) method and extended cubic-B-spline (ECBS) scheme are utilized as recent computational and accurate numerical techniques, respectively, for investigating the AKNS equation and constructing highly precise solitary wave solutions. The stability characteristics of the obtained solutions are also analyzed to ensure their applicability. These solutions are characterized by their peak amplitudes, wave speeds, and widths. Through comparisons with previous numerical techniques, our proposed approach demonstrates superior effectiveness and reliability. The research is significant due to the application of the (2+1)-dimensional AKNS equation in modeling various physical phenomena, such as nonlinear optics, water waves, and plasma physics. The precise and efficient determination of solitary wave solutions not only enhances the understanding of these phenomena but also provides a valuable framework for practical applications. The results have substantial implications for comprehending complex wave dynamics in physical systems and serve as a valuable tool for further research and analysis in the field of wave dynamics.

In the big data processes, management and analytics are primary areas where we can introduce the decision making on information security to mitigate the big data breaches. According to the growing number of online systems and big data handling, mitigating the big data breaches is the serious problem during the processing period which needs to be monitored using appropriate technique. The goal of this research is to prevent the big data breaches using correct decision making based on information security concepts such as access control with authentication which depend on the management policies. The analytical approach of information security solution can also be useful for securing the big data infrastructure and key management that improve the big data breaches. As an analytical method, information security which focuses on detecting and securing the big data breaches is considered with access control. Here, we have introduced the multi-priority model influenced with the network calculus and access control which monitors the breaches during the big data processing. In the results and analysis, we can provide a graph which shows the monitoring improvement for decision making during the mitigation of big data breaches.

In this paper we report a study on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as a promising non-destructive technique for the identification of the colored glazes, and clay's bodies of Fatimid ceramics ancient artifacts. The scientific examination of ceramics may be helpful in unraveling the history of ancient shards, particularly as the process of its production such as firing condition and temperatures. The analysis of pottery, ceramic bodies and glazed coatings is required in order to structure the conservation or restoration of a piece. Revealing the technical skills of ancient potters has been one of the most important issues for gaining a deep insight of bygone culture and also it is required in order to structure the conservation or restoration of a piece of art. LIBS measurements were carried out by focusing a Nd-YAG laser at 1064 nm with pulse width of 10 ns and 50 mJ pulse energy on the surface of the sample by a 100-mm focal length lens. The plasma emission was collected by telescopic system and transferred through a fiber to Echelle spectrometer attached to an ICCD camera. The focal spot diameter is found to be in the range of 100-150 μm. which is small enough to consider this technique as a non-destructive technique. LIBS technique clarified that each piece of archaeological objects has its own finger print. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out on these archaeological ceramic body samples to study raw materials such as clays, which allowed the investigation of the crystal structure and showed the changes in its structure through firing process. This provided information on the ceramic characteristic and composition of the ceramic bodies.