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Humanoid robots are employed in a wide range of fields to replicate human actions. This paper presents the mechanism, configuration, mathematical modeling, and workspace of a 3D printed humanoid robot – Amaranthine. It also discusses the potential scope of humanoid robots in the present day and future. Robots can be programmed for automation as per the demand of the task or operations to be performed. Humanoid robots, while being one of the small groups of service robots in the current market, have the greatest potential to become the industrial tool of the future. Introducing a Humanoid Robot-like Amaranthine holds huge scope majorly in the fields of medical assistance, teaching aid, large industries where heavy-duty operations require application-specific software, etc. Amaranthine was 3D printed and assembled at the RISC Lab of University of Bridgeport.

Vision-based recognition of the object as a general interface gives us high cost and complicated problem. This research suggests human tracking system by Arduino, and Laser-CdS cell system track wire that pass laser line. In this paper, we review existing literature on application systems of recognition which involves many interdisciplinary studies. We conclude that our method can only reduce cost, but is easy way to trace people's location with the use of wire. Furthermore, we apply several recognition systems including CdS-based mobile robot that is applied IV stand used at the hospital effectively.

Various educational Arduino modules with its simplicity have been developed since Arduino's release into the market. In this study, the helium gas airship was employed to make an Arduino module by applying Arduino Mini, Bluetooth and Android applications.

The aim of this study is to develop a hand dynamometer that can act as a rehabilitation device by acquiring quantified data to enhance the power of hand grip strength. On the whole, patient that suffers from the hand injury is directly exposed to intricacy when performing daily task. Therefore, many hand aids have been developed to overcome the problem. A typical hand assistive device is able to measure the hand grip strength, which eventually increases its functionality. Like hand dynamometer, it is used for regular screening of hand grip strength and also for the preliminary and ongoing assessment of patients with hand dysfunction or trauma. Strain gauge-based system transducer acts as the measurement system together with Arduino microcontroller for the instrumentation, communication and controlling applications. The integration of strain gauges with a transducer is called a load cell which also made up the overall of force sensor to obtain readings from the hand grip movement. Microcontroller will further use this information to store and analyze data in the SD card. The percentage difference observed between hands across the sample of 25 subjects support the 10% rule. An overall 10.74% difference was found when combined dominant and non-dominant hand strength scores for all subjects were observed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a cost-effective heart rate monitor sensor and Arduino Uno configuration to accurately detect simulated sleep apnea, through the use of the inter-beat interval (R-R interval). Three separate 30min heart rate recordings were taken, each with six simulated sleep apnea events ranging from 20 to 40s. The results were gathered and processed to identify the simulated sleep apnea events. In each of the recordings, the simulated sleep apnea events were visible and the key characteristics, surrounding the events, could be recognized. The heart rate monitor sensor and Arduino Uno configuration successfully detected the simulated sleep apnea events through the analysis and processing of the hearts R-R interval.

Internet of Things (IoT) in the current era is liable for its drastic transforming impact on human life, especially in the agricultural sector. IoT has transformed conventional agriculture into smart agriculture making agriculture more feasible in recent days. In this paper, it is proposed to develop a smart agricultural solution for using technologies like Arduino, IoT and Wireless Sensor Network. The developed system prototype uses IoT to perform three main functions namely, self/smart irrigation, crop productivity estimation and alerts cattle grazing. It also provides easy accessibility of the sensed information using an Android-based application and Bluetooth for short-range communication. The features of this paper include monitoring temperature, moisture level, detecting presence of inflammable gases and an emergency alert notification to alert any decline in crop health and cattle grazing directly to the farmer’s smartphone using Android app and Bluetooth. The desirable yielding conditions of a crop are programmed in the android app and compared with the sensed information. With the difference in levels the crop yield is estimated beforehand. A complete health monitoring system is developed using Arduino to perform a periodic check on the growth of the crop and its yielding conditions. Because of its feasibility, energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the system can be used in water-deficient agricultural lands with less human intervention.

During the pandemic period, we were forced to reconsider teaching of practical labs, as students had mainly to work at home. It was the occasion to explore the use of cheap microcontroller kits for teaching chemistry and to work out some manipulations with household products. Back to normal life, it is important to valorize this equipment and work to design simple chemistry experiments which could be performed by students at home with Arduino kits adapted to chemistry, to illustrate various courses in addition to classical manipulations performed in the laboratory with specific equipment and products. We describe here the construction of a simple and cheap Arduino-based fluorimeter and its use to study relative porphyrinoids (mainly chlorophylls and pheophytins) contents in olive oils, and the effect of heating on the degradation of such substances. We used an Arduino Uno kit with a LED, a light-to-frequency converter associated with an excitation-blocking filter, and a 3D-printed sample holder.

In this study, a sample application that can be done in a classroom where students are actively engaged in technology, engineering, physics and mathematics in a single educational environment, will be introduced. The relationship between the impulse exerted by the force acting on a vehicle for a certain period of time and the change in the momentum were analyzed using Arduino UNO, Load-cell 1kg sensor, distance sensor and Bluetooth sensor prepared within the scope of STEM education. The ratio of these two physical quantities, which is theoretically equal to unity, was found as $I/\mathrm{\Delta }P=0.974$ with the help of the data. The error rate of the data was calculated to be 4.1% despite using highly economical teaching materials.

The hardness testing is vital for metals for testing and production quality control. Hardness testing is a fine indicator to determine the mechanical characteristics of metals. The various types of hardness testing methods include Rockwell, Vicker, Brinell, and Knoop testing methods. The most prevalent manual method to determine hardness is indentation using dead weight technology. However, the said technology is quite ancient and it has its own limitations, like the kinetic effect applying excessive load at actual, man-to-man variations, variation over the period due to deterioration and friction effects of moving parts like lever, weight block hanger, etc. increases the uncertainty of this method and eventually demands for upgradation of the technology. Further, the methods currently in use are open-loop and manually operated testers. The main drawback of all these testers is that they provide zero feedback, and so the obtained result needs to be compared to the desired result. To overcome the above-stated problem, the paper presents some novel modifications for measuring hardness using existing methods of Rockwell, Vicker, and Brinell testing. Toward this objective, the paper proposes to modify existing testers and develop a semiautomatic hardness testing system. Firstly, for Rockwell testing, the work aims to design a closed-loop system for hardness testing. The proposed system comprises of Arduino as an open microcontroller, a load cell along with servo motor, and its driver to establish the desired closed loop. The need of obtaining a more accurate result, free from human interference gives rise to a closed-loop system for hardness testing. The key aspect of the closed-loop system lies in retaining the basic structure of the metal. Unlike traditional hardness tester, during testing, the weight increases gradually, due to which the basic structure of metal is not deformed. Secondly, the paper proposes a computational methodology that would estimate the Vickers and Brinell hardness value. The proposed system comprises of a camera for gathering hardness indentation images, thereby automating the system. Further, these images are analyzed based on image processing software, and the indentation depth is obtained. The proposed work thus replaces human intervention to calculate the hardness of the material. The results obtained based on the proposed systems provide a proof of concept to address the problems of traditional Rockwell, Vicker, and Brinell testing.

Humanoid robots are employed in a wide range of fields to replicate human actions. This paper presents the mechanism, configuration, mathematical modeling, and workspace of a 3D printed humanoid robot – Amaranthine. It also discusses the potential scope of humanoid robots in the present day and future. Robots can be programmed for automation as per the demand of the task or operations to be performed. Humanoid robots, while being one of the small groups of service robots in the current market, have the greatest potential to become the industrial tool of the future. Introducing a Humanoid Robot-like Amaranthine holds huge scope majorly in the fields of medical assistance, teaching aid, large industries where heavy-duty operations require application-specific software, etc. Amaranthine was 3D printed and assembled at the RISC Lab of University of Bridgeport.

A multi-functional crop intelligent monitoring system, including internet and Arduino micro-controllers, function to upload humiture, soil moisture, light intensity, PM2.5, harmful gas and other real time data. The system's other functions include automatic watering of crops when the humidity data exceeds warning levels, broadcasting the condition of crops by Microblog, remotely controlling the watering and lighting by web and WeChat and remote video monitoring. Data collection of sensor data is conducted by Arduino UNO micro-controller and the data is uploaded real time into the internet by HLK-RM04 WiFi module. Software functions of the system include real time charts by Websocket, JavaScript in PC and mobile internet, and concurrently, the implementation of WeChat control and Microblog broadcast through Tencent micro channel public platform and Sina Microblog.

For today’s huge market demand of cost-effective household service robot with reasonable functional design and simple operation, we designed this Arduino-based and intelligent IOT robot's information collection system and device control system. This design applies embedded technology, EIA-RS-232-C protocol, IOT technology, Inter-Integrated Circuit, f / s mode. We also apply TTL to output data, two H-bridge circuit and PWM pulse width modulation to drive and adjust each device. The result of experiment shows that the whole system is reliable, the collection of environmental data is stable and device control system meets the design requirements.

Vermicomposting is the process of breaking down biodegradable matter by earthworms to convert the contained nutrients in the organic matter to vermicast. In this paper, the proponents introduced the development of an automated production of vermicast. Four subsystems were designed namely: irrigation, sensor network, worm migration, and communication subsystem to minimize human intervention. The communication system involved the use of 2.4 Ghz. The study uses Arduino uno and Arduino mega microcontrollers, an android phone and liquid crystal display (LCD) for monitoring. The automated project improved the manual process of vermicomposting by eliminating 4 processes from the manual system.

The Portuguese Micromouse Contest^®1 is an innovated robotic contest in Portugal that address the need to enhance student interest and performance in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses, while fostering skills that are important prerequisites for IT careers. To facilitate the access to younger students a robot kit and an Arduino library was developed and made available on GitHub. Some of the library examples include the common algorithms used to solve mazes, like the Flood Fill, Right or Left Wall Following to name a few. Recursive Backtracking algorithm is often used to solve mazes especially if there is a lot of computer power. This is not the case of the Arduino platform that only has 2.5 KB of SRAM and a clock speed of 16 MHz, so implementing Recursive Backtracking becomes quite difficult. In this work we show how to implement Recursive Backtracking to find if there are better solutions for solving the maze. We also show the memory measurements for three Arduino common platforms the Leonardo, the UNO and the DUE.

INPI - National Trademark 529372, July 2014.