Narrow Results

Using a lattice model based on Monte Carlo simulations, we study the role of the reproduction pattern on the fate of an evolving population. Each individual is under the selection pressure from the environment and random mutations. The habitat ("climate") is changing periodically. Evolutions of populations following two reproduction patterns are compared, asexual and sexual. We show, via Monte Carlo simulations, that sexual reproduction by keeping more diversified populations gives them better chances to adapt themselves to the changing environment. However, in order to obtain a greater chance to mate, the birth rate should be high. In the case of low birth rate and high mutation probability there is a preference for the asexual reproduction.

An evolutionary model based on bit-strings with intelligence is set up in this paper. In this model, gene is divided into two parts which relative to health and intelligence. The accumulated intelligence influences the survival process by the effect of food and space restrictions. We modify the Verhulst factor to study this effect. Both asexual and sexual model are discussed in this paper. The results show that after many time steps, stability is reached and the population self-organizes, just like the standard Penna model. The intelligence made the equilibrium to be reached larger both in asexual model and sexual model. Compared with asexual model the population size fluctuates more strongly in the sexual model.