Narrow Results

We first describe a metric for uncertain probabilities called opinion, and subsequently a set of logical operators that can be used for logical reasoning with uncertain propositions. This framework which is called subjective logic uses elements from the Dempster-Shafer belief theory and we show that it is compatible with binary logic and probability calculus.

This study attempted to examine entrepreneurial intention of Sri Lankan undergraduates. The undergraduates' entrepreneurial intention was examined with entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self-employment. Accordingly, it was rationalized that entrepreneurial intention is influenced by entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self employment. Gender impacts on these three aspects were also examined. The study sample consisted of 149 management undergraduates of one of the leading universities in Sri Lanka and data were collected through the administration of a formal questionnaire. The results revealed that undergraduates' entrepreneurial belief, attitude towards self-employment and entrepreneurial intention were moderately positive; there were statistically significant positive modest correlation between entrepreneurial belief and entrepreneurial intention, and between attitude towards self-employment and entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, there was no significant impact of gender on entrepreneurial belief and attitude towards self-employment. However, it was found that there existed significant difference between male and female undergraduates in terms of their entrepreneurial intention.

Meier [Games Econ. Behav.62, 53–66] shows that the universal knowledge–belief space exists. However, besides the universality there is an other important property might be imposed on knowledge–belief spaces, inherited also from type spaces, the completeness. In this paper, we introduce the notion of complete knowledge–belief space, and demonstrate that the universal knowledge–belief space is not complete, that is, some subjective beliefs (probability measures) on the universal knowledge–belief space are not knowledge–belief types.

Based on the Value–Belief–Norm Theory (VBNT), an exploratory study is conducted that proposes a research model to describe the social community value creation. The proposed model is examined via empirical survey. The mediation effect of community beliefs is also explored. The model considers extrinsic perceived value (EPV), intrinsic perceived value (IPV), and biospheric perceived value (BPV) as the main determinants of value creation behaviour for online communities. Results from the analysis of 335 valid community users are obtained. The intrinsic perceived value is significantly associated with the value creation attitude (VCA) towards intention, implying that community users, thus far, likely appreciate such intrinsic effect of community as participation and sentiment values. The beliefs partially mediate the effect of IPV on value creation behaviour. Active behaviour in public issues and private behaviour in the community are because of the perceived participation value, whereas non-active behaviour in public issues is due to the perceived network value in online community. Trust and norm alternate no effect of IPV on value creation attitude towards active and non-active behaviours in public issues and private behaviour in the community. This draws attention to the idea that beliefs probably have interplay effect on the value creation behaviour. This study serves as a theoretical and practical groundwork for researches on value development of virtual society with a focus on the effects of EPV, IPV, and BPV. Discussions and implications are also addressed.

The purpose of this fairly nontechnical introduction to uncertainty management is to identify various forms of uncertainty, and to survey methods for managing some of these uncertainties. Our emphasis is on topics that may not be familiar to software engineers or, to a lesser extent, to knowledge engineers. These topics include Bayesian estimation, fuzziness, time Petri nets, rough sets, belief and evidence, and possibility theory. Uncertainty management has been studied in the contexts of information systems and of artificial intelligence. We attempt to present a balanced view of the contributions from both areas.

Sufficient conditions for Nash equilibrium in an n-person game are given in terms of what the players know and believe — about the game, and about each other's rationality, actions, knowledge, and beliefs. Mixed strategies are treated not as conscious randomizations, but as conjectures, on the part of other players, as to what a player will do. Common knowledge plays a smaller role in characterizing Nash equilibrium than had been supposed. When n = 2, mutual knowledge of the payoff functions, of rationality, and of the conjectures implies that the conjectures form a Nash equilibrium. When n ≥ 3 and there is a common prior, mutual knowledge of the payoff functions and of rationality, and common knowledge of the conjectures, imply that the conjectures form a Nash equilibrium. Examples show the results to be tight.