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Security is a concept which people recognize as important, yet regularly ignore for reasons such as cost or design constraints. The world is quickly shifting towards the wireless with phenomena akin to the Internet of Thing (IoT) accelerating this progression. Technologies like Bluetooth Low Energy and Radio Frequency Identification are greatly entwined with this trend, and research has been made into reinforcing protection methods. However, security is a choice made by the designer and more often than not is given decreased priority. With the improved creativity and sophistication of malicious exploits this is becoming far less acceptable. Theft of data is trivial for a user with the correct skillset and will be successful without proper defences. Further research needs to be done in the field, and encouraging consistent security practices is an appropriate start.

China accounts for more than 22% of the total energy consumption worldwide. Building energy consumption, among which consumption in public buildings was about 40% took the second place. With the problems of high energy waste, error rate and complexity of the control systems available, an indoor intelligent lighting system based on occupants’ location is proposed in this paper to improve the energy efficiency of the current lighting systems indoors. The transmission model of electromagnetic wave in free space is optimized in both aspects of reference signal strength and attenuation coefficient radiation in complex environment dynamically based on which occupants’ positions are obtained. The smart lighting system will turn on or off corresponding lights adaptively to provide a more energy efficient platform. Experimental results show that the proposed system is able to improve the energy efficiency of indoor lighting by at least 15%, with a lower error rate below 2% compared with the existing lighting systems based on voice control.

Bluetooth utilizes fast frequency hopping to mitigate interference from other wireless devices and other Bluetooth piconets that share the same frequency range. However, it still cannot avoid the interference between piconets entirely. In our simulation, we observed that the inter-piconet interference can significantly degrade the system throughput by more than 10%. The system throughput within a piconet can be improved by a proper arrangement of the segmentation/reassembling (SAR) policy and a good selection of MAC scheduling protocols. Many SAR policies and MAC scheduling protocols were proposed, but none of them takes the inter-piconet interference into consideration. In this paper, we study the impact of the interference on the performance of TCP traffic over a Bluetooth scatternet with multiple overlapping piconets. To alleviate the impact, we propose interference-aware SAR policies as well as the interference-aware MAC scheduling protocols. The simulation results show that our schemes help reduce the impact of the inter-piconet interference by more than 15%.

In this paper, a digitally programmable OTA-based multi-standard receiver baseband chain is presented. The multi-standard receiver baseband chain consists of two programmable gain amplifiers (PGA1 and PGA2) and a fourth-order LPF. The receiver is suitable for Bluetooth/UMTS/DVB-H/WLAN standards. Three different programmable OTA architectures based on second generation current conveyors (CCIIs) and Current Division Networks (CDNs) are discussed. The programmable OTA with the lowest power consumption, moderate area and good linearity — better than -50 dB HD3 — is selected to realize the multi-standard baseband receiver chain. The power consumption of the receiver chain is 6 mW. The DC gain varies over a 68 dB range with 1 MHz to 13.6 MHz programmable bandwidth. The receiver baseband chain is realized using 90 nm CMOS technology model under ±0.5 V voltage supply.

The capability of seamlessly switching between two communication protocols will be very important for communication devices of the future, since it allows the end users to judiciously use whichever network is appropriate, depending on cost, signal strength or other factors such as the amount of battery life left on the device. This paper presents the groundbreaking idea of a Seamless Protocol Switching Layer (SPSL) on a hardware and software level to solve this problem. In addition, the SPSL concept is implemented by developing a prototype application, a Smart Video Phone, built using Intel XScale-based PXA255 board and ARM Linux as the operating system that can seamlessly switch between IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth technologies. Experiments show that if the signal of the Bluetooth signal goes below 40%, the switching to Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) happens if it is available.

Bluetooth is a suitable technology to support soft real-time applications like multimedia streams at the Personal Area Network (PAN) level. In this paper, we evaluate the worst-case deadline failure probability (WCDFP) of Bluetooth packets under co-channel interference as a way to provide statistical QoS guarantees.

The cornerstone of the Indian economy is the agricultural sector. A large percentage of individuals around the world — more than 40% — have agriculture as their primary line of employment. The advancement of autonomous vehicles in agriculture has gained considerable spotlight in recent years. Soil quality is unaltered by robotization, which also significantly reduces manpower expenses and boosts overall productivity. The machinery described in this project is proficient at performing several farming operations at once. An environmentally safe source of energy is utilized by this equipment: Energy from the sun’s radiation is accumulated and transformed into electrical energy, and a direct current motor then transforms this electrical power into mechanical power to rotate an anchor during a digging operation. For irrigation operations and seed sowing, respectively, we deploy seed hoppers and water reservoirs. The machine can change its course and maneuver over varied ground contours, excavate, sow seed, and water the ground. It also decreases the expense of planting seeds and the manpower required.

Bluetooth is a short-range, packet radio system designed to connect various low power, resource constrained devices. Devices form autonomous ad hoc networks of up to 8 active devices, referred to as piconets. Piconets may be interconnected by one or more bridge devices to form a scatternet. Bridges have an added responsibility of sharing their active time between the piconets that they are connected to. This could lead to a disproportionate energy usage pattern at the bridge nodes, as compared to other nodes in the piconet. When a bridge node dies, it could create a partition in the scatternet, leading to packet loss and delays. In this paper, we consider two related issues. 1. Enhance the lifetime of the scatternet by simply improving the lifetime of the bridge. 2. Extend the lifetime of the bridge by making a fair distribution of the role of being a bridge among different devices in the piconet. To achieve these goals, we propose a policy for managing bridge devices based on both prevalent traffic conditions and the energy available at devices using a weighted credit scheme.

In this paper, we describe a novel architecture to enable a secure communication among mobile devices using different wirelesstechnologies like wireless LAN, Bluetooth, cellular systems or even infrared. Making use of the combination of these technologies for the data transmission and for the signaling of the communication, we analyze several scenarios with increasing complexity. The complete picture appears in the last scenario where all technologies are involved and the network is composed of heterogeneous mobile nodes. The paper also presents a solution for the setup of a secured communication channel (i.e. a Virtual Private Network connection) between several heterogeneous mobile nodes controlled by the cellular network operator. The mobile nodes can be either cellular aware or non-cellular aware in this framework. We propose to setup the heterogeneous network communications via the cellular network using the cellular aware nodes.

The Bluetooth standard is considered a promising technology for implementing ad-hoc networks. This paper addresses issues related to Bluetooth performance in Nakagami-m fading channels. This distribution allows a better channel characterization for mobile and wireless communications. The throughput of Bluetooth links using asynchronous packets is investigated. Useful relations between packet error rate and node distances are derived. These results can be used as benchmarks for performance analysis or incorporated into Bluetooth network simulation tools. As an example, we evaluate by computer simulation the performance of a scatternet in a Nakagami fading scenario.

Feeding System of the traditional Drop Analyzer is controlled by independent manner. This method of controlling has high cost and complex operation. This paper designs a controlling system of the Drop Analyzer which is based on Bluetooth. It is composed of S5pv210 embedded processor and Feeding System. S5pv210 embedded processor communicates with the Feeding System through HC-06 Bluetooth module. The HC-06 Bluetooth module converts Bluetooth signal to serial signal. The Feeding System uses STC12C2052AD to receive serial signal from HC-06 module and control stepper motor. Application software is developed on Android devices. We can control the stepper motor flexibly by the user interface.