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Using wearable devices to realize the mining and application of human behavior patterns has become a hotspot in the field of intelligent positioning. Wearable devices provide an analyzable data foundation for indoor spatial distribution and human behavior pattern prediction. The development of the intelligent positioning system based on RSSI has encountered a bottleneck that it is difficult to improve the positioning accuracy. Therefore, some research works started emphasizing location technology based on channel state information (CSI). In this paper, the principle used by Wi-Fi channel state information to realize intelligent positioning is described, the characteristics of CSI are analyzed, and an intelligent positioning algorithm based on CSI is proposed. Specifically, the algorithm first estimates the angle of arrival (AoA) based on the MUSIC algorithm, separates the reflected paths in the multipath components, and accurately estimates the AoA of each path. Second, phase estimation with channel state information is achieved by forming different antenna subarray measurements under the consideration of a subset of antennas and subcarriers. Then, the phase response linear fitting of the data packet CSI is eliminated using the ToF purification algorithm to obtain the corrected phase response and realize the elimination of the STO noise of the channel state information. Finally, the target position is calculated by effectively filtering the reflection path through the likelihood value, and the accurate target positioning function is achieved. The experimental results demonstrate that the intelligent positioning algorithm proposed in this paper can achieve decimeter-level positioning accuracy under the condition of a fixed number of APs, and the average error is better than that of deep learning-based and SVM-based positioning algorithms. In other words, the accuracy of intelligent positioning is improved.

Uniformly hemispherical separated CuInSe₂ (CIS) quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated by low-frequency inductivity coupled plasma (LF-ICP) assisted radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique from a ternary compound target on Si (100) and glass substrate with ZnO film serving as buffer layer. The average lateral size and densities of the QDs could be controlled by appropriate deposition parameters. The distribution scope of diameters was from 40 to 120 nm, density was from 4.5E9 to 2.1E11/cm². Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer were adopted to measure the properties of CIS QDs.

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to understanding innovation dynamics in services, in particular the link between innovation and productivity. A methodology to explain this link is suggested. Instead of establishing a single, direct connection between innovation and labor productivity, as in earlier approaches in the services literature, a simultaneous equations model is used. We put forward an extended version of the CDM (Crepon, Duguet and Mairesse) model, incorporating two feedback effects and using innovation activities rather than the more restrictive R&D proxy. Activities prior to the innovation implementation are also taken into account allowing for direct and indirect effects on labor productivity. Moreover, we discuss and handle the oftentimes overlooked methodological problems affecting this relationship. Micro data for ten service sectors in Portugal are used to estimate the model. The existence of a Schumpeterian virtuous cycle is confirmed, pointing to a mechanism reinforcing innovation investment returns. We find that innovation activities have a positive impact on labor productivity, but no evidence was found of a significant direct effect of innovation output. Labor productivity also improves with management capabilities. Relationships with customers, suppliers and cooperation partnerships significantly increase the probability of innovating, suggesting that stimulating organizational networking is a key element in a service firm’s innovation strategy.

This paper examines the persistence of innovation behaviour at the firm level (in the manufacturing and services sectors). We attempt to answer the question of whether being successful in past innovation activities increase the probability of being successful in current innovation activities. We contribute to the literature by explicitly distinguishing between single and complex innovation strategies. Using two waves of the Community Innovation Survey (2002–2004, 2006–2008) conducted in Luxembourg, the regressions show that complex innovators are more inclined to remain persistent rather than single innovators. Within the group of single innovators, pure product innovators have an advantage over pure process innovators. The results support the idea that the differences in innovation strategies across firms are important for understanding the firm's innovation dynamics.

This paper contributes to the understanding of the context dependency of open innovation. It does so by empirically analysing the relationship between innovation activities, firm characteristics and the degree of innovation openness of manufacturing companies in three European countries with varying degrees of technological development. Logistic regression analysis is used to study CIS data from Germany, Portugal and Bulgaria. In line with the contingency approach to open innovation, the results suggest that the appropriate open innovation strategy is context dependent, with similar practices and firm characteristics obtaining opposite relationship signs in different countries. Hence, it is important to take country idiosyncrasies into account when designing policies to promote open innovation.

The aim of this paper is to better understand whether cooperation, absorptive capacity and public financial support for innovation activities, how they influence the innovative performance of Portuguese enterprise. The literature review focuses the importance of these three factors both drivers as the limiters process of business innovation, influencing the innovative performance of enterprise. Based on a review of the literature, hypotheses are formulated, which are tested with secondary data resources from the Community Innovation Survey 2010. This questionnaire was implemented under the supervision of EUROSTAT. The method used is the logistic regression model. The results obtained confirm that the implementation of cooperation with partners belonging to internal sources of business has a significant influence on the innovations achieved at the level of both products and processes.

Financial development has proven to be one of the major determinants of energy consumption. Although, the U-curve relationship between financial development and energy demand is frequently featured in the literature, there is not much discussion of nonlinear relationships between financial development and energy consumption. In this study we investigated the nexus of these two phenomena in transitional economy countries over the period from 1990 to 2011 employing a Systems-GMM model and the panel cointegration method. The empirical results reveal strong evidence of an inverse U-shaped pattern for the impacts of financial development on energy consumption. The net total effect of financial development on energy demand implies that a one standard deviation increase in financial depth induces a decrease in energy consumption by 0.09 kg of oil equivalent per capita. We also found evidence of Granger causality of financial development on energy demand. The existence of a linkage between the two has been suggested in an earlier study conducted by Coban and Topcu [26]. Although they established the nonlinear nature of the relationship between financial development and energy consumption, this was only apparent after they divided the sample between older and newer EU members. In this respect the effect of financial development on energy consumption is rather dubious because that study used a dynamic panel data model for 15 countries over the period from 1990 to 2011.