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Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the progression of cataract. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of magnolol, a compound extracted from the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis, against oxidative stress in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells as well as the possible molecular mechanism involved. In this study, magnolol was observed to protect against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in HLE B-3 cells. Magnolol inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ ψ m) and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria caused by H₂O₂ into cytosol in HLE B-3 cells. Magnolol also inhibited H₂O₂-induced expressions of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and reduction of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Moreover, magnolol attenuated the deactivation of ERK/MAPK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase) and the enhanced activation of p38, JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) induced by H₂O₂. Magnolol could be useful in protecting against oxidative stress in HLE cells, suggesting a potential protective effect against cataractogenesis effect against cataractogenesis.

Mimicking Pregnancy to Develop Anti-Breast Cancer Drug in Singapore.

Chinese Scientist in US to Treat Cataract through Genome Studies.

First Cloned Calf Born in Taiwan.

Chinese Scientists Complete Mapping of No. 3 Human Chromosome.

This article explains the various ocular surface diseases in the Asia Pacific region.

Clinical Genomics and its Exclusive China Partner BioChain Group Receive CFDA Approval for InSure® FIT™ in China.

China-U.S. Team Uses Stem Cells in Cataract Treatment.

Celsion Corporation Announces Launch of the OPTIMA Study in China.

3SBio's PEG-irinotecan Wins IND Approval from China FDA.

New Zealand to Fund Joint Research Centers with China.

Roche Receives China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) Approval for the CINtec® PLUS Cytology Test to Help Prevent Women from Developing Cervical Cancer.

Infographic: Cervical Cancer & Human Papilloma Virus – What You Do Not Know May Save Your Life.

Transgenic Monkeys for Autism Study in China - Featuring Dr. Zilong Qiu.

A computer-based intelligent system for the classification of eye diseases can be very useful for their diagnosis and management. With age, the incidence of ocular pathology rises, thereby decreasing normal eye function. The most common causes of age-related eye disorders and visual impairment in the elderly are cataracts and iridocyclitis (inflammation of the iris, i.e. the colored part of the eye, and of the ciliary body). For proper care and management of eyes, we need a system which can automatically classify these eye diseases. The method proposed in this study is based on higher-order spectral (HOS) features that capture contour and shape information, while providing robustness to shift, rotation, changes in size, and noise. The parameters are extracted from the raw images using the HOS techniques, and fed to the classifiers for classification. This paper presents the classification of three kinds of eye classes using four-layer feedforward and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) classifiers. Our protocol used 122 subjects who had three different kinds of eye disease conditions. We demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% for the classifier, with a specificity of 90%. Our systems are clinically ready to test on large data sets.

A theoretical model for corneal swelling with respect to aqueous inflow, based on corneal dimensions and mechanical and chemical properties, is presented in this paper. The mechanical properties of the corneal stroma, with respect to aqueous inflow, are considered in the basis of swelling mechanics. Equations describing the time course of swelling are also given. With this formulation, we can explain how glaucoma may result if outflow facility decreases faster compared to aqueous inflow. The opposite situation, e.g. of hypotony, may also be considered.

The eyes are complex sensory organs, they are designed to capture images under varying light conditions. Eye disorders, such as cataract, among the elderly are a major health problem. Cataract is a painless clouding of the eye lens which develops over a long period of time. During this time, the eyesight gradually worsens. It can eventually lead to blindness and, is common in older people. In fact, about a third of people over 65 have cataracts in one or both eyes.

In this paper, we made use of two types of classifiers for identification of normal, cataract (early and developed stage), and post-cataract eyes using features extracted from optical images. These classifiers are artificial neural network and support vector machine. A database of 174 subjects, using the cross-validation strategy, is used to test the effectiveness of both classifiers. We demonstrate a sensitivity of more than 90% for both of these classifiers. Furthermore, they have a specificity of 100% and, as such, the results obtained are very promising. The proposed feature extraction and classification systems are ready clinically to run on a large amount of data sets.

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a promising technique for early cataract detection and for studying cataractogenesis. A novel probabilistic analysis tool, the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm, is described for reconstructing the most-probable size distribution of α-crystallin and their aggregates in an ocular lens from the DLS data. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing simulated correlation data from known distributions and DLS data from the ocular lenses of a fetal calf, a Rhesus monkey, and a man, so as to establish the required efficiency of the SBL algorithm for clinical studies.