Narrow Results

In this study, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulation is performed to investigate laminar forced convection of nanofluids in a horizontal parallel-plate channel with three rectangular cavities. Two cavities are considered as located on the top wall of the channel and one on the bottom wall. The effects of the Reynolds number (100–400), the cavity aspect ratio (AR = 0.25, 0.5), the various distances of the cavities from each other ($X_c^{\prime }$) at different solid volume fractions of nanofluids ($\varphi =0-0.05$) on the velocity and the temperature profiles of the nanofluids are studied. In addition, the flow patterns, i.e. the deflection and re-circulation zone inside the cavities, and the local and averaged Nusselt numbers on the channel walls are calculated. The results obtained are used to ascertain the validity of the written numerical code, which points to the excellent agreement across the results. The results show that, as the solid volume fraction of nanofluids is enhanced, the transfer of heat to working fluids increases significantly. Further, the results show that the maximum value of the averaged Nusselt number in the channel is obtained at $X_c^{\prime }=0.1204$ for AR = 0.5 and $X_c^{\prime }=0.1024$ for AR = 0.25. The interval [0.1224, 0.1304] is the best position for the second cavity. It is concluded that the results of this paper are very useful for designing optimized heat exchangers.

The concept of Qi and the concept of channel are so closely related that they must be defined and comprehended simultaneously in a coordinated fashion. Once the nature of Qi is established in terms of physics, we may be able to explain the functional role that the channels play, as well as explain other Chinese medical terminology with a language of modern science. Based on the low electrical impedance characteristics of acupoints, we propose that the meridian channel is equivalent to an electromagnetic transmission line and the Qi is the electromagnetic (EM) standing wave riding on the line, with acupoints as its nodes. The standing wave within each segment of the channel separated by acupoints is in natural oscillation thus the segment may be analyzed as a λ/4 open circuit that behaves like a series RLC resonator. Acupuncture until De Qi is effectively equivalent to charging the capacitor C_eq of the RLC resonator in the transmission line. The mechanism of bu and xie are charging or discharging the capacitor to bring the capacititive (or inductive) behavior of the segment back to that of the resonant state. Kirlian photograph may serve as a visual observation of the EM waves on channels.

When the network is subject to intrusion and attack, the node output channel equalization will be affected, resulting in bit error and distortion in the output of network transmission symbols. In order to improve the anti-attack ability and equalization of network node, a network intrusion feature map node equalization algorithm based on modified variable step-size constant modulus blind equalization algorithm (MISO-VSS-MCMA) is proposed. In this algorithm, the node transmission channel model after network intrusion is constructed, and sequential processing is performed to intruded nodes with the variable structure feedback link control method. With diversity spread spectrum technology, the channel loss after network intrusion is compensated and the network intrusion map feature is extracted. According to the extracted feature amount, channel equalization processing is performed for the cost function with the MISO-VSS-MCMA method to reduce the damage of network intrusion to the channel. Simulation results show that in node transmission channel equalization after network intrusion, this algorithm can reduce the error bit rate of signal transmission in network, and provide a good ability of correcting phase deflection in the output constellation, thus avoiding the error bit distortion and channel damage caused by network intrusion to the signal with a good equalization effect. This algorithm provides stronger convergence and map concentration, which demonstrates that its anti-interference and signal recovery capabilities are better, so it improves the anti-attack ability of the network.

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SINGAPORE – Singapore heart surgeon to receive honour from The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

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EUROPE – Medicyte coordinates EU-funded collaboration on Biomimetic Bioartificial Liver.

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EUROPE – Zinforo (ceftaroline fosamil) receives positive CHMP opinion in the European Union for the treatment of patients with serious skin infections or community acquired pneumonia.

USA – Vein grown from girl's own stem cells transplanted.

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USA – New report finds biotechnology companies are participating in 39% of all projects in development for new medicines and technologies for neglected diseases.

USA – TriReme Medical receives FDA clearance for expanded matrix of sizes of Chocolate PTA balloon catheter.

USA – New data show investigational compound dapagliflozin demonstrated significant reductions in blood sugar levels when added to sitagliptin in adults with type 2 diabetes at 24 weeks, with results maintained over 48 weeks.

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In the context of storing/transmitting words of a language L using a noisy medium, the language property of error-detection is fundamental. It ensures that the medium cannot transform a word from L to another word of L. This paper defines some basic error-detecting properties of languages and obtains a few basic results on error-detection. Moreover, some error-detecting capabilities of uniform, solid, and shuffle codes are considered. It is shown that those codes provide certain error-detection either for free or when a simpler condition is satisfied.

In Section 1 we introduce the notion of lifting as a generalization of the notion of compound state introduced in [21] and [22] and we show that this notion allows a unified approach to the problems of quantum measurement and of signal transmission through quantum channels. The dual of a linear lifting is a transition expectation in the sense of [3] and we characterize those transition expectations which arise from compound states in the sense of [22].

In Section 2 we characterize those liftings whose range is contained in the closed convex hull of product states and we prove that the corresponding quantum Markov chains [2] are uniquely determined by a classical generalization of both the quantum random walks of [4] and the locally diagonalizable states considered in [3].

In Section 4, as a first application of the above results, we prove that the attenuation (beam splitting) process for optical communication treated in [21] can be described in a simpler and more general way in terms of liftings and of transition expectations. The error probabilty of information transmission in the attenuation process is rederived from our new description. We also obtain some new results concerning the explicit computation of error probabilities in the squeezing case.

In this paper we present a detailed analysis of how grid points are used in routing two-terminal nets in a channel under the Manhattan model. Consequently, we establish a new existential lower bound on the channel width, , where t is the channel width, d_m is the density, and f is the flux of the given channel routing problem. Our new lower bound shows that the channel width cannot be separately bounded by either the channel density d_m or the flux f, though most practical channel routing problem can be solved by using one or two extra tracks more than that required by the channel density We also present nontrivial lower bounds on the routing area for routing multiterminal nets in channel junctions in both the Manhattan and knock-knee models.