In the e+e- annihilation processes , D+D- near or above the threshold of , there are not only the resonance contribution , D+D-, but also the continuum contribution through virtual photon directly , D+D-. The amplitudes through virtual photon directly and through resonance can interfere seriously. We consider the continuum and interference effect in the production process in e+e- annihilation. We find that the effect is significant near and above the threshold of the mesons.
We present a simple physical explanation that measurements of the collision cross-sections with pure energy resolution can provide information on the reaction dynamics equivalent to that obtained using real-time methods of femtochemistry. For nuclear collisions, the method provides a time resolution of ~ 10-21 sec. The method is sensitive enough to distinguish between the different scenarios of rotational dephasing for the highly-excited nuclear molecules, with strongly overlapping resonances, formed in 12C + 24Mg scattering. We find that the dephasing is much slower than the intra-molecular energy redistribution. This reveals unusual states — nonergodic molecules in continuum. Anomalously long dephasing times observed in highly-excited polyatomic molecules may reflect this new type of nonergodicity.
In this note we will discuss a new reflection principle which follows from the Proper Forcing Axiom. The immediate purpose will be to prove that the bounded form of the Proper Forcing Axiom implies both that 2ω = ω2 and that satisfies the Axiom of Choice. It will also be demonstrated that this reflection principle implies that □(κ) fails for all regular κ > ω1.
Carbon nanotubes have drawn tremendous interest due to their excellent mechanical and electronic properties. Carbon nanotubes have a similar molecular structure as that of graphene sheets. Hence, characterization of mechanical properties of graphene sheet based on equivalent continuum modelling is of considerable importance. Our initial studies are carried out on a single carbon ring/cell. The ring is then modelled as a truss (finite) element assemblage and equivalent Young's modulus is computed for a few fundamental modes. Next, these studies have been extended to model graphene sheet as a planar continuum to determine the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio) for typical modes of deformation. Further research is in progress to investigate how this set of different values can be integrated together towards a meaningful continuum characterization of the inherent discrete structure.
It can be proven that physical theory always contains some abstract mechanism whose function is equivalent to the unique role played by the human mind during the empirical manifestation of reality. The importance of this hypothesis, known as the Conservation of Now-ness, or CON hypothesis, is that it defines a formal relationship between the subjective phenomenon of conscious experience and physics, allowing us to reformulate the hard problem into a solvable form, and to develop an endophysics paradigm and program of research.
We have adopted the multistep shell model in the complex energy plane to study excitations occurring in the continuum part of the nuclear spectrum. In this method of solving the shell model equations one proceeds in several steps. In each step one constructs building blocks to be used in future steps. We applied this formalism to analyze the unbound nucleus 12Li. In this case the excitations correspond to the motion of three particles partitioned as the product of a one-particle and two-particle systems.