Narrow Results

In this paper, we consider a model of non-minimal modified Yang–Mills (Y-M) theory in the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmology, in which the Y-M field couples to the scalar curvature through a function of its first invariant. We show that cosmic acceleration can be realized due to non-minimal gravitational coupling of the modified Y-M theory. Besides general study, we consider in detail the case of power-law coupling function. We derive the basic equations for the cosmic scale factor in our model, and provide several examples of their solutions.

In this paper we investigate a tachyon field model in cosmology, provided its interaction with the quintessence or phantom fields. The model takes into account this interaction beyond the usual approach, in which the interaction is phenomenologically described by the energy flow between the matter components. In our model, the interaction of tachyon field with a canonical scalar field is taken into account through the interaction potential in the total Lagrangian of the system, like in the case of two or more canonical scalar fields. We obtain the different types of exact solution for the model by employing the so-called "first order formalism" procedures.

The solution to the current extending Universe problem, and the description of all stages of evolution compels scientists to consider various cosmological models. Scalar–tensor models are rather simple and also allow us to clearly define the separate stages of evolution. Furthermore, other cosmological models are reduced. Our work takes into consideration the non-minimally interacted scalar field and the spinor field. The spinor field has been considered to establish a better understanding of the stages of evolution in our universe.

In this paper, we discuss the system of Friedman–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric coupling with massive nonlinear dark spinors in detail, where the thermodynamic movement of spinors is also taken into account. The results show that, the nonlinear potential of the spinor field can provide a tiny negative pressure, which resists the universe to become singular. The solution is oscillating in time and closed in space, which approximately takes the form: , with light year, and δ = 0.96 ~ 0.99. The present time is about t ~ 18°.

Many cosmological scenarios envisage either a bounce of the universe at early times, or a collapse locally to form a black hole which re-expands into a new expanding universe region. Energy conditions preclude this phenomena for ordinary matter in general relativistic universe, but scalar or other types of fields can violate some of these conditions, and so can, possibly, provide conditions for a bouncing universe. In this paper, we have investigated the necessary conditions for a bounce in Kantowski–Sachs (KS) and Bianchi type models in some modified theories of gravity like Hoyle–Narlikar creation field theory, Lyra geometry, general class of scalar–tensor theories, Einstein's theory with variable cosmological term.

A cosmological model for the early universe is investigated where a Schutz fluid and a fermionic field coupled to a gauge field are the sources of the gravitational field. The determination of the scale factor in the classical analysis follows from the Hamiltonian formulation together with Dirac’s method for constrained systems. The expectation value of the scale factor in the quantum analysis is determined from the Wheeler–DeWitt equation. The singularity in the classical solution for the scale factor is avoided in the quantum solution where a bouncing from a minimum value of the scale factor is present. It is shown that: (i) the minimum value of the scale factor depends on the ratio of the fermionic coupling constant and the mass of the vectorial field; (ii) the classical and quantum solutions coincide for large values of the conformal time due to a dilution of the quantum effects with the time evolution; (iii) the behavior of the wave function probability density confirms that the maximum probability occurs when the scale factor has its minimum value equal to its expectation value; (iv) the quantum potential in the Bohmian formulation goes to infinity when the scale factor tends to zero avoiding the singularity at this point.

We present a model of an early universe where the sources of gravitational effects are a scalar field, a relativistic fluid based on Schutz’s model and a self-interacting fermionic field. From the classical analysis based on the Hamiltonian formalism we show that the scale factor of the universe can be expressed in terms of a conformal time that emerges from the fluid’s degrees of freedom. From the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, a wave packet solution as function of the conformal time is determined. It is shown that the combination of the scalar and the fermionic field furnishes a consistent quantum regime and a smooth transition to the classical description, working with the aid of the Bohmian mechanics and in particular with the concept of quantum potential. The influence of the presence of the scalar field is also discussed.

In induced-matter theory, a 4D non-empty physical space–time is obtained from the 5D Ricci-flat one by setting the extra dimension coordinate equal to a constant. On the basis of this theory, we construct a 4D physical space–time by choosing a certain supersurface equation F(x^A) = 0 (A runs over 0 ~ 4). It is shown that, the 4D two-fluid FRW cosmological model can be obtained from 5D flat space–time by specifying F(x^A) = 0 as x⁴-x⁰ = 0.

Self-similar solutions of a collapsing perfect fluid and a massless scalar field with kinematic self-similarity of the first kind in 2+1 dimensions are obtained. The local and global properties of the solutions are studied. It is found that some of them represent gravitational collapse, in which black holes are always formed, and some may be interpreted as representing cosmological models.

We consider the gravitational model with additional spatial dimensions and anisotropic pressure which is nonzero only in these dimensions. Cosmological solutions of the Einstein equations in this model include accelerated expansion of the universe at late stage of its evolution and dynamical compactification of extra dimensions. This model describes observational data for Type Ia supernovae on the level or better than the ΛCDM model. We analyze two equations of state resulting in different predictions for further evolution, but in both variants the acceleration epoch is finite.

Recently, we solved Einstein’s field equations to obtain the exact solution of the cosmological model with the Morris–Thorne-type wormhole. We found the apparent horizons and analyzed their geometric natures, including the causal structures. We also derived the Hawking temperature near the apparent cosmological horizon. In this paper, we investigate the dynamic properties of the apparent horizons under the matter-dominated universe and lambda-dominated universe. As a more realistic universe, we also adopt the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$CDM universe which contains both the matter and lambda. The past light cone and the particle horizon are examined for what happens in the case of the model with wormhole. Since the spatial coordinates of the spacetime with the wormhole are limited outside the throat, the past light cone can be operated by removing the smaller-than-wormhole region. The past light cones without wormhole begin to start earlier than the past light cones with wormhole in conformal time-proper distance coordinates. The light cone consists of two parts: the information from our universe and the information from other universe or far distant region through the wormhole. Therefore, the particle horizon distance determined from the observer’s past light cone cannot be defined in a unique way.

In this work, we present a few simple cosmological models under the modified theory of gravity in the particular form of $f(R,{𝒯})=R+2f({𝒯})$, where $R$ is the Ricci Scalar and ${𝒯}$ is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. Two special cosmological models are studied with (i) hyperbolic scale factor and (ii) specific form of the Hubble parameter. The models are observed to predict relevant cosmological parameters closer to the observational values. Both the models reduce to overlap with the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$CDM model at late times. We have discussed some interesting results related to wormhole solutions as evolved from our model. The possible occurrence of Big Trip in wormholes for the models are also discussed.

A qualitative analysis of Bianchi type-I, III and Kantowski–Sachs (KS) cosmological models with a scalar field and matter fluid is performed. The analysis of the resulting equations is made by the dynamical system method. To analyze the evolution equations, we have introduced suitable transformation of variables. The evolution of the corresponding solutions is represented by curves in the phase-plane diagram. We analyze the evolution of the effective equation of state parameter for Bianchi type-I, III and KS cosmological models. The nature of critical points are analyzed and stable attractors are examined for each cosmological model.

A Bianchi type II cosmological model with expansion and rotation has been constructed. The model describes the Friedmannian stage of the Universe’s evolution including a subsequent transition to the accelerated exponential expansion observed nowadays. The gravitational field sources of the model are an ultra-relativistic matter, dust and co-moving anisotropic rotating dark energy. The possibility of detecting the cosmological rotation by astrophysical observations is discussed.

The idea that general relativity could be an effective model, of a yet unknown theory of gravity, has gained momentum among theoretical physicists. The polynomial affine model of gravity is an alternative model of affine gravity that possesses many desirable features to pursue a quantum theory of gravitation. In this paper, we argue that such features are a consequence of the lack of a metric structure in the building of the model, even though a emergent metric could be defined. The model introduces additional degrees of freedom associated to the geometric properties of the space, which might shed light to understand the nature of the dark sector of the Universe. When the model is coupled to a scalar field, it is possible to define inflationary scenarios.