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In 2020 world commonly faced a kind of epidemic virus, which is known as COVID-19 and it was the reason of many people’s death in the world that leads to hard economic situation all over the country, also Iraq was part of the infected country most especially Erbil. Data was collected for the months of July, August, and September regarding the test, positive, recovery, and dead results for covid-19 cases in Erbil, Iraq. Based on the obtained data’s, new modified Lagrange Interpolating polynomial method was derived and proof. The modified Lagrange interpolation polynomial method is very important tool for analyzing, predicting, forecasting, and interpolating high-order polynomials. Moreover, we model, predict, and investigate the test, positive, recovery, and dead results for covid-19 cases in Erbil, Iraq within certain period of time. Our results are well validated and supported by MATLAB.

This paper presents a novel analysis of the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease using the R package “nCov2019”, with an emphasis on the global spread and forecasts of the disease, and the rate of transmission in individual countries at two different points in time, namely, March and September 2020. This throws in sharp relief the relative effectiveness of the attempts to risk manage the spread of the virus by “flattening the curve” (aka planking the curve) of the speed of transmission, and the efficacy of lockdowns in terms of the spread of the disease and death rates. Simple cross-sectional regressions are able to predict quite well both the total number of cases and deaths, which cast doubt on the above measures. The algorithmic techniques, results and analysis presented in the paper should prove useful to the medical and health professions, science advisers and risk management and decision making of healthcare by state, regional and national governments in all countries.

The paper presents a critical analysis of the European spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the COVID-19 disease across 48 European countries and territories, including the Monaco and Andorra principalities and Vatican City. Simple cross-sectional regressions, using country populations, are able to predict quite accurately both the total number of cases and deaths, which cast doubt on measures aimed at controlling the disease via lockdowns. This throws into sharp contrast the relative effectiveness of the attempts to risk manage the spread of the virus by ‘flattening the curve’ of the speed of transmission, and the efficacy of lockdowns in terms of the spread of the disease and death rates. The algorithmic techniques, results and analysis presented in the paper should prove useful to the medical and health professions, science advisers and risk management and decision making of healthcare by state, regional and national governments in all countries in Europe.

This policy note provides a snapshot of water and sanitation measures implemented by governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 14 countries in the Global South: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Chile, Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Panama, South Africa, Uganda and Vietnam. We find that many countries have taken action to stop utility disconnections due to non-payment. With the exception of Ghana and Vietnam, few countries are instituting new water subsidy programs, and are instead choosing to defer customers’ bills for future payment, presumably when the pandemic recedes and households will be able to pay their bills. It is easier for the utilities’ COVID-relief policies to target customers with piped connections who regularly receive bills. However, the situation for unconnected households appears more dire. Some countries (e.g., Ghana, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda) are attempting to provide unconnected households temporary access to water, but these households remain the most vulnerable. This health crisis has accentuated the importance of strong governance structures and resilient water service providers for dealing with external health, environmental and economic shocks.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a method in which three-dimensional structures are successively laid down to create a solid object. The inherent advantages of AM technology are successfully drafted and exploited by the different organization across the globe. During the time of pandemic i.e. COVID-19, 3D printing has come to rescue and has been used for manufacturing critical medical supplies. 3D printing has been used in manufacturing some of the critical items like ventilators valves, face shields, swabs, oxygen valves, hand sanitizer holders, 3-DP lung models, etc. The main reason for its success has been the ability of 3D printing to print locally by using digital designs and thus reducing the number of supply chain actors. Also, the ability of 3D printing to manufacture/print complex geometrical designs locally is the main reason for its successful adoption during COVID-19. In this paper, we have discussed how AM has come to the forefront in fighting this pandemic. Various AM techniques have played a critical role in bridging the supply chain gap in the medical industry and locally printing critical devices. There were certain apprehensions before the pandemic along with slow adoption but this pandemic has also increased the adoption of AM due to its ability to overcome the demand created by COVID-19.

Angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor of the serious-acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) spike protein. In this article, the interaction of ACE2 with the receptor binding domains (RBD) of Wuhan-Hu-1 and United Kingdom (UK) and South African (SA) variants is examined in silico. Their Gibbs free energies were computed using a protein binding energies prediction model. The interaction characteristics of RBDs with possible inhibitory compounds as well as a standard drug, Paxlovid, were also investigated, and Gibbs free energies were computed. Molecular modeling, molecular dynamics and molecular docking methods were employed and the results are compared and discussed.