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Irregular transfer of traction easily caused cracks at the hook tongue component in freight couplers when they were in hard working conditions, which has a great impact on freight security. In order to investigate how much the stress influences the damage on hook body component, finite element models of Type 13B and Type 17 assemblies was proposed to calculate the stress distribution. The results of FEM are highly consistent with the actual destruction in working conditions, making it possible to solve such issues in engineering practice.