Materials Engineering and Environmental Science

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Activated carbon pellets as substrates for the deposition of diamond films were prepared using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The ballas diamond morphology and crystal structure of the as-deposited films were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The electrochemical behavior of a boron-doped diamond-film electrode prepared on the porous activated carbon substrates was also studied, by examining the cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance. The diamond films exhibited a ballas morphology and contained microcrystallites. The measured results indicated that the electrode had a very wide potential window and very low background current, while the potential windows in acidic, neutral, or alkaline media were 4.4, 4.0, and 3.0 [V], respectively. The background current was as low as -8×10^-6-5×10^-7 [A]. In electrolytes, including ferri/ferrocyanide, the electrode surface maintained good activity, and the electrochemical reaction occurring on the surface was a diffusion-controlled reaction with good quasi-reversibility. Compared with platinum and graphite electrodes, diamond electrodes can effectively oxidize compounds (phenol), and the oxidization process is very simple and complete.

Improved microemulsion synthesis method was employed to control the morphology of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nano-products. The morphology, structure and optical properties of the as-prepared nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), power and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra measurements. The PL dynamics are examined by time resolved PL. The results showed that the sample had fine rod-like morphology and that the preferential growth direction was along the c axis. The PL spectra showed a strong and thermal stability ultra violet emission with a very weak visible emission associated with deep-level defects. The process to control the crystal growth and defect states in order to control the morphology and good optical properties of the produced samples is discussed.

By grafting polymerization, starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) (St-g-PAA) hydrogel was prepared and used to adsorb crystal violet (CV). The influences of adsorption time, pH values of the CV solution, adsorption temperature and the initial CV concentrations on the adsorption capacity were investigated. Meanwhile, adsorption isotherm and sorption thermodynamics were studied. The absorption experimental results showed that the prepared St-g-PAA was an effective adsorbent for removal of CV from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity increased with the increasing of pH values of the dye solution, adsorption temperature and the initial CV concentrations. The adsorption of CV by St-g-PAA was Freundlich type. Moreover, the calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The values of activation energy demonstrated that the adsorption was mainly physical process.

The pretreatment technology of rapeseed extrusion for solvent extraction of oil was discussed. The experimental design based on the dimension analysis and G. Murphy theorem corrected by Jiang Yiyuan. The effects of extrusion parameters such as moisture content of material, temperature of barrel, rotational speed of screw, diameter and length of die nozzle, distance from screw end to die nozzle on the ratio of residual oil were studied. The experience formula was founded indicating the relationship between ratio of residual oil and extrusion parameters. It indicates that the experience formula can predict the ratio of residual oil exactly.

The molecularly imprinted monolithic column (MIMC) was synthesized using α-methacrylic acid as functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker, the mixture of isopropanol and dodecadol as porogenic reagent and Ginsenoside Rg1 as template molecules by in-situ polymerization. The performances of separation and adsorption of MIMC were investigated, the results of research indicated that optimal mobile phase was methanol-acetate (0.01mol/L, PH=3.5) with a volume ratio of 40:60, separation factor 1.769, langmuir produced a very good fit, and the specific adsorption sites had formed to ginsenoside Rg1 by frontal chromatography, saturated adsorption capacity was 0.248mg/g. MIMC has special molecule recognition ability to Rg1. The result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the unique porous structure was formed in the polymer, which was beneficial to the flow of mobile phase and the mass transfer of template molecules.

In this paper 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid and nano- SiO² (mean diameter is 30nm) was immobilized with a sample method using agate mortar. The ionic liquids was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra and ¹HNMR analysis, and abnormal FTIR, Raman spectra and 1HNMR spectra were observed, which suggested that the physical properties of ionic liquid were affected by nano-scale, since the interfacial effects as well as H-bonding between the ionic liquids and nano-SiO² could lead to the abnormal FTIR, Raman spectra and ¹HNMR results.

We investigate on dynamic properties of particles in fluidized bed for separation with considering on gravity force, flotation, drag force and additional mass force for particles. The kinetic equations of particles in fluidized beds are built in detail based on the dynamic equations. It is found that the velocity of falling in fluidized bed can be described by hyperbolic tangent function and the distance of falling is described by the natural logarithm function. The results show that the particle size and the rate of density between the particle and the fluidized bed are the best of all basic factors in the course of efficiency particle separations. The theoretical study is pertinent to the application of mineral processing and efficient separations for fluidized bed.

In this article, the phase composition of hot dipped galvannealed (GA) coating was investigated via chemical exfoliation method; the morphology changes of the GA coating during the corrosion process were observed, and the dissolving characteristics were studied. Then atomic force microscope (AFM) was introduced to study in-situ corrosion of GA coating in solution and analyze the corrosion mechanism in nano-scale. The results indicated that compressed structures were generated on the surface of GA coating during the finishing, which was the initial stage of corrosion caused by the residual stress on the surface. Secondly, compared with other parts of the binary alloy phase, the bulge tip was firstly corroded in the medium, resulting in a continuously decreasing of surface roughness. Thirdly, the corrosion of metals were not only related to their equilibrium potentials but also related to their surface structures. Smooth and flat surfaces tended to be more resistant to corrosion than rough surfaces.

The encapsulated nano-NiO/γ-Al₂O₃ was prepared and characterized in this paper. Nano-alumina was firstly synthesized by sol-gel method using aluminum nitrate and ammonium carbonate as raw material. Then the synthesized nano-alumina as the carrier, nickel nitrate and ammonia as raw materials, the encapsulated nano-NiO/γ-Al₂O₃ was prepared by deposition-precipitation method and characterized by various analytical approaches such as SEM, XRD, FT-IR. Following that, The influences of various processing parameters in preparation process on the yield and mean size of the products were investigated. The optimum conditions for preparing the encapsulated nano-NiO/γ-Al₂O₃ are as follows: the molar ratio of ammonia to nickel nitrate is 4:1, the reaction temperature is 80 °C, the calcination temperature is 450 °C.

Thulium-doped potassium lanthanum gallate glasses (K₂O-La₂O₃-Ga₂O₃ or KLG) which are suitable to use in amplifiers has been fabricated and characterized. The density, the refractive indexes, the absorption and luminescence spectra were measured and analyzed. By using the Judd–Ofelt theory, the experimental oscillator strengths, the Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters Ω_t were determined, and some important radiative properties were calculated. Using a least-squares fitting approach, the Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters Ω_t were found to be Ω₂=7.26×10^-20cm², Ω₄=1.69×10^-20cm², and Ω₆=0.66×10^-20cm². The bandwidth of the ³H₄→³F₄ transition around 1.47μm in Tm³⁺-doped KLG glasses is ~92nm which is smaller than Tm³⁺-doped KBG glasses at ~120nm.

Prepare lead alkoxide complex in ethylene glycol solution with electrochemical method. Add cereus nitrate into electrolyte, hydrolyze and dehydrate it. And then roast it for 2h in 500℃, Nanoscale PbO₂/CeO₂ powder can be formed finally. Nanoscale PbO/CeO₂ powder will be characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experiment shows that particle dispersion of nanoscale PbO₂/CeO₂ powder formed in the organic solution is ideal with particle size 100-150nm. Study redox behaviors of nanoscale PbO₂/CeO₂ electrodes in 0.15mol/LHCl+0.1mol/L C₆H₅OH solution with the method of cyclic voltammetry. The results show that oxidation peak current of nanometer PbO₂ mingled with CeO₂ electrode reaches 107.5mA/cm2 and removal rate of photocatalytic degradation of phenol can reach 91.7%, which show that electrode is of excellent electrocatalytic activity.

Flotation wastewater is a primarily heavy metal pollution source of mine which have a greater risk of environmental pollution. In this work, pulsed electric field was introduced to enhance the removal of copper ions from flotation wastewater by internal micro-electrolysis (IME) system. Batch experiments and SEM, XRD characteristic analysis were conducted to investigate the optimum operation parameter and reaction mechanism was investigated. Results shown that the removal efficiency of Cu²⁺ were 99.95% under the condition of pH 4, current density of 20mA/cm², pulse period is 2s and electrode distance of 5mm. The removal of Cu²⁺ may due to the electro-deposition and flocculation precipitation under the function of pulsed electric field enhanced IME. This indicated that pulsed electric field can better improve the removal of Cu²⁺ significantly by IME.

Flavonoids were extracted from bamboo stem via heat reflux using ethanol solvent as solvent. Extraction condition is explored experimentally in this paper, the optimal extraction conditions were as follow: alcohol/water volume ratio is 6:4, extraction time is 2 hours, extraction temperature is 80 °C, and material/solvent ratio is 1:20 (g/mL). During the purification process, cobalt ion was selected to complex with flavonoids and then disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to dissociate the cobalt-flavonoids complex. The extraction yield of flavonoids is 1.79% under the optimal extraction condition and flavonoids content can be increased to 50.8% after purification.

In the present work, the degradation of acid orange 7 was studied by the electrocatalytic anodic oxidation through the use of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. A factorial design analysis was adopted to evaluate the effects of operating parameters on the treatment performance. Five operating parameters including treatment time, flow rate, applied current, initial concetration and electrolyte concentration were chosen as test factors. Of the five test factors involved, treatment time, applied current and initial concentration had considerable contributions on the treatment performance. Additionally, the remaining two factors possessed less influences on the treatment efficiecy. The result obtaied, suggested that the factorial design analysis was of great use to the parameter optimization of BDD electrocatalytic treatment.

The activities of components in the CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ refining slags at 1873K were calculated through the coexistence theory. The calculated results of activities of CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ were found to be similar to those of experiment tests. The activities of CaO, MgO increase with the increase of basicity and CaO contents, respectively. However, the activities of MgO decrease with the increase content of SiO₂. The activity of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ is influenced by the basicity, and the activities of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ decrease with the increase of basicity in wMgO 10% at 1873K. The activity of CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ in the CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ refining slags (T=1873K, wMgO =7%), has big fluctuation, is the range from 0.2 to 0.5, from 0.18 to 0.25, from 0.02 to 0.006, from 2×10^-5 to 2×10^-4, respectively. At wMgO 5%, the activity of components in the CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ refining slags, has small fluctuation, is 0.1~0.5, 0.13~0.18, 0.005~0.02, 2×10^-5~1×10^-3. The thermodynamic calculation of activities of components in GCr15 refining slag provides theoretical foundation for exploring the relationship between refining slag and inclusions in liquid steel.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) templates of octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) have been prepared controllably. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been performed to investigate the size distribution and average distance between the pinhole sites in the ODTS SAMs templates. The result shows that both the size distribution and average distance between the pinhole sites will decrease with the increase of SAMs immersing time. The SAMs templates have been employed to tune the nucleation and growth of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the size distribution and particle density of Pd NPs follow the same tendency of the pinhole sites on the templates. Our study reveals that the density of NPs grown on SAMs modified substrates depends on the density of pinholes. With SAMs modified substrate, nanoparticles with uniform size and controlled loading density can be achieved via ALD method.

The catalysts, M (10)/MOR (M=Mn, Fe, Ni), were prepared by impregnation methods and characterized by XRD, NH₃-TPD and NO-TPD. Also, its catalytic activity on CH₄-SCR denitrification reaction was evaluated with fixed-micro reactor. Results showed that Mn (10)/MOR catalysts have good activity and NO conversion rate reached to 30.93% when the temperature is 357°C. The activity of catalyst was influenced by the acidity and the ability of adsorption/desorption of NO.

M-Co/RPSA (M=La, Ce, Pr, Nd) catalysts for N₂O decomposition was prepared by impregnation method. XRD, H₂-TPR and TG-DSC-MS are employed to characterize the catalysts. The XRD result showed that Co species exist in the form of Co₃O₄. H₂-TPR result showed that Nd-Co/RPSA had the strongest reducing ability. The activity evaluation results indicated that the Nd-Co/RPSA catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity, and T₉₅ is 453.8°C.

Hexagonal Cu_2−xSe microplates with lateral sizes of around 5-8 μm and 500 nm in thickness were synthesized by hydrothermal method using CuCl₂ and Se powder as raw materials, hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent and oleylamine as an auxiliary agent. The morphology and crystalline structure of the product were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influencing factors to product morphology were studied based on series of control experiments. The optical properties were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The results show that the lateral size and uniformity of the hexagonal products can be easily regulated by changing reaction time and oleylamine quantity. The band gap energy of the Cu_2−x Se microplates is 2.25 eV.

Cu₂Se nanowires with diameters of about 25 nm and several hundred nm in length were synthesized at room temperature using a Se²⁻ solution prepared by microwave-assisted method. The influencing factors to product morphologies were investigated on the basis of series of control experiments. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical properties were studied by means of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The results show that the direct band gap energy of the Cu₂Se nanowires is 2.02 eV. Copper sources, molar ratio of Cu/Se element, microwave and reducing agent significantly influence the morphology of the final products. Thus, product morphologies are controllable by simply regulating reaction conditions.

Slow formation kinetics of methane hydrate has been considered to be a critical problem hindering the industrial application for methane storage and transportation in a hydrated form. Herein, we studied the mechanism of L-leucine in promoting methane hydrate formation using molecular dynamics simulation. Our simulation results showed that the hydrophobic group of L-leucine molecule can be adsorbed by the hydrate interface and disturbed the local water structure near hydrate surface, which contributed to rapid gas mass transfer rate and promoted growth of methane hydrate.

The wide range of applications of the silica aerogels are typically restricted by the high cost of the raw materials and cumbersome production processes, the high performance of the materials in terms of low density and high specific surface area was diluted by such blemishes. In this work, the silicon precursor has been extracted from a cheap and bio-derived wheat straw ash by using ‘two-steps’ acid-base method, the wetgels derived from wheat straw was silylated and dried under ambient pressure condition. The crystalline structure, morphology and the pore structures of the precursor and resulting gels were analyzed by the x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N₂ adsorption, which leads to aerogel-like material with a density, specific surface area and porosity of 0.15 g/cm³, 650 m²/g and 95% respectively.

Silicon carbide composite ceramic filtration membrane materials were prepared by air spray technology. In this process, using some organic solvents such as glycerol, ethanol, etc to fabricate a stable, excellent dispersibility inorganic silicon carbide slurry. Using air spray technology and coating the filter membrane. According to some heat treatments that sintering temperature from1350℃ to1450℃ for 3h, we can prepare a well-distributed, jumbo size SiC ceramic composite filtration membrane. The effects of particle size of SiC, sintering temperature, different ceramic binders on SiC filtration membrane were investigated. Meanwhile, the reaction bonding characteristics, phase composition, flexural strength as well as microstructure of SiC composite ceramics filtration membrane were also investigated. It is demonstrated that 22.8μm silicon carbide sintered at 1450℃ will obtain a better performance. With particle size increases, silicon carbide porous ceramic surface oxide layer thinner prepared at the same temperature. When 15wt% ceramic binder was added, a flexural strength of 36.6MPa was achieved at an open porosity of 35.3%. Al(OH)₃ used as a ceramic binder is very suitable due to its outstanding connectivity and better uniformity.

SiC/cordierite composite porous ceramics were fabricated by an in situ reaction bonding technique using SiC, A1₂O₃, MgO, and graphite as starting materials. C was burned out to produce pores. The surface of SiC was oxidized to SiO₂ at high temperature. With further increasing the temperature, SiO₂ reacted with A1₂O₃ and MgO to form cordierite. The reaction bonding characteristics, phase composition, mechanical strength, and microstructure of porous SiC ceramics were investigated.

In order to identify the distribution character of void defects in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), the ultrasonic resonance in CFRP containing voids was studied. The ideal model within no voids, model within uniformly distributed voids and model within centralized voids were built respectively based on finite element analysis software ANSYS. Then the ultrasonic spreading in the above models were numerically calculated. The ultrasonic echoes and their spectrums were analyzed. At last, the time-frequency images of the ultrasonic echo signals were generated for further analysis. The results are as follows. When the ultrasonic whose center frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the CFRP is used to test the CFRP, the ultrasonic in the ideal model within no voids can generate resonance and the frequency is consistent with the CFRP theoretical resonance frequency. The frequency of ultrasonic in model within uniformly distributed voids will slightly deviate from the theoretical resonance frequency. The frequency of ultrasonic in model within centralized voids will greatly deviate from the theoretical resonance frequency of CFRP. These conclusions can be used as the criterion for detecting void defects and the distribution of voids in CFRP.

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites (CFRP) is very suitable for reinforcing ocean concrete structures because of its excellent corrosion resistance, favorable strength-to-weight ratios and durability in adverse environments. Recently most of research focused on mechanical properties of column or beam repaired by CFRP and paid little attention on their combination. In this paper the mechanical character of beam and column strengthened by CFRP sheet were firstly investigated by laboratory tests and numerical analysis, respectively. Using these results as base, the structural properties of high-piled wharf bent structure, which composed by beams and piles, were investigated when repaired by CFRP composites. It was evident that structural property of high-piled wharf bent structure had been greatly improved by comparing the change of stress and displacement before and after reinforcement.

Composite insulation materials has great prospects for development, combining good heat preservation performance of organic materials with good fireproof performance of inorganic materials. Composite materials have mainly produced by means of physical function. The difficult to solve the problem is how to make inorganic material package in the organic material, and the increase of porosity. The solution is to strengthen material production process management, have strong mechanical pressure and excellent foaming technology.

With the purpose of solving the problem that traditional subsoiler was easy to wear, the new process of wire-spraying feeding powder composite surfacing was proposed which surfacing coatings on the easily-worn subsoiler parts was sprayed. The microhardness and the abrasive wear resistance and microscopic wear morphology of surfacing subsoiler were tested. The results show that the appearance of weld was good and a good metallurgical bonding state was found between welding layer and substrate. Microhardness reach up to 831HV0.2. The wear resistance has been increased by 2-3 times compared with traditional subsoiler, thus extending the service life of the subsoiler farming.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has attracted great interest as a green source which utilizes chemical energy produced during microorganisms decomposing organics and inorganics to generate electricity. Electrode plays a crucial role among several factors that influence the properties of MFC, especially the anodic material. Carbon materials/polyaniline (PANI) composites combine the advantages of carbon materials and PANI, which exhibit excellent conductivity and large specific surface area, considered as an explanation of such improvement, and biocompatibility, specifically when using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the carbon material. In this work, we provide a review of the synthesis methods, properties and application in MFC using CNTs/ PANI composites as electrode, and the perspectives are also stated.

Four different dispersants, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PA) were used to disperse carbon nanotubes(CNTs) composite plating solution. Dispersion effect was compared by the absorbance value of the bath. The analysis indicated that dispersants had variation of different dispersants on CNTs suspension, under the same technology condition, the dispersion effect of PA was better than PVP, CTAB and SDBS. When the optimum amount of PA was added, it had the good dispersion stability, the narrow particle size distribution and small average particle diameter. Surface quality of the slide bearings were significantly improved as well.

Using special quasirandom structures (SQS), we perform first-principles calculations studying physical properties of Cu1-xNix (x=0.25, 0.5, 0.75) alloys with vacancy defect. Our calculations show that it is difficult to form vacancy in Ni-rich case, compared with pure Cu and Ni metals and Cu-rich CuNi alloys. The highest vacancy formation energy is found to be located at composition with 75% Ni. It indicates that the alloy form such as Cu0.25Ni0.75 is a good resistant to void formation under irradiation. Furthermore, our results show that the vacancy defect hardly impacts the magnetic properties of CuNi alloys. The magnetic properties of the alloys are mainly determined by the average number of d electrons per atom in the unit cell.

In this study, Cu nanoparticles were dispersed into Sn-58Bi solder paste to prepare Sn-58Bi-xCu solders in order to inhibit the disadvantages of undesirable Bi segregation and microstructure coarsening of Sn-58Bi solder in electronic industry. The content of Cu ranged from 0 to 2.0wt.% in the solders. The effects of Cu nanoparticles on microstructure, hardness and ball shear strength of Sn-Bi lead-free solder were investigated. The results indicated that small amount of Cu addition in Sn-58Bi solder enhanced not only the shear strength but also to some extent the hardness of the composite solder, which may be attributed to the uniform distribution of the formed Cu₆Sn₅ IMCs and the refined microstructure of composite solder. However, further increase of Cu additions decreased the shear strength, which may be attribute to the relatively more primary β-Sn grains, the gathered Cu₆Sn₅ IMCs and the coarse eutectic structure. The Cu nanoparticles addition of 1.0% in Sn-58Bi is the optimal addition ratio to get well dispersed microstructure.

The superhydrophobic surfaces on kovar alloys substrates were prepared by a two-step methodology. The Kovar alloys sheets were first immersed in the HNO₃(10%) and H₂O₂(10%) mixed solution for 10min, and then immersed in the 0.01mol/L ethanol solution of stearic acid for 48h. The sample surfaces were characterized by SEM, CLSM, EDS,XPS and optical contact angle meter. The results show that the surfaces composed of porous structures and were successfully modified with stearic acid, the contact angle of the prepared surfaces were as large as 154◦. The anti-corrosion property was evaluated by Tafel plot, as the superhydrophobic surfaces could prevent the contact of metal with Cl- ion, the surfaces had a good anti-corrosion property.

Due to high RPM and heavy load, any damage or corrosion on aeropropeller blade will generate stress concentration. To keep the base material from damage or corrosion, applicable surface treatments need be completed on blade. Generally, the configuration of aeropropeller blade is complicated, different part has a separately performance, different kinds of surface treatment to be required on different parts.

Polarization curve test and EIS are used to study the corrosion inhibition effect of silane modification on aluminum alloy (ADC12) in 3% NaCl. The effects of functional group of silane coupling agent, pH, and concentration have been studied. Small and polar group of silane coupling agent is benefit for the protection effect. The optimal conditions of passivation solution are pH of 1.8 and the silane coupling agents concentration of 0.8%.

By continuous high temperature oxidation experiment, oxidation kinetic curve was obtained, combined with X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope(SEM) along with chemical microanalysis by energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS), We systematic studied the oxidation performance and law of ZG40Cr25Ni20 in high temperature. The result showed that between 900℃ and 1000℃, it exhibited a good oxidation resistance ,the surface was covered with a compact protective scale Cr₂O₃ and MnCr₂O₄..However,when the temperature was up to 1100 ℃, the oxidation performance was severe, the oxidation scale contain NiCr₂O₄ and Fe₃O₄.

The Nd2Co17-xFex (X= 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6) powder were prepared by arc smelting and high energy ball milling. The structure and morphology of the power were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at indoor temperature. The electromagnetic parameters were carried out by vector network analyzer (VNA). The XRD results shows that the prepared powders maintain the Nd2Co17 phase. And the minimum reflectivity frequency shifted to lower region with the increase of Fe content. The minimum reflectivity frequency shifted towards lower frequency region with the thickness increased. The minimum reflectivity value of Nd2Co16.4Fe0.6 alloy reached about -16.2 dB at 2.8 GHz with the matched thickness of 2.8 mm.

The influence of Pr₁₅Nd₅₃Fe₅Al₂₄Cu₃ alloy doping on magnetic properties with dual-alloy method has been investigated. Fracture surface images of the magnets illustrates the grain boundary phase of the magnet is much more clean and smooth with the increase of Pr₁₅Nd₅₃Fe₅Al₂₄Cu₃ content. The results indicates that the coercivity of magnets increases rapidly firstly and then slightly with the increasing of Pr₁₅Nd₅₃Fe₅Al₂₄Cu₃ content ranging from 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt%, while the remanence decreases slightly. The Hcj of the magnets has increased from 15.75 to 17.21 Koe with the increase of Pr₁₅Nd₅₃Fe₅Al₂₄Cu₃ content from the range of 0.0 wt% to 2.0 wt%.

Cu²⁺ was selected as simulative pollutant to study the experimental conditions and adsorption properties. The metal ion adsorbents were prepared by the modification of manganese ore using citric acid method. Results showed that the absorption rate-pH curves of modified manganese ore inclined to the lower pH. The pH50 decreased from 5.2 to 2.6 with the increase of sulfuric acid concentration (within the range of 0–3mol/L). The ratio of citric acid to natural manganese ore was 1:20, and the pH50 were 3.8, 3.0, 2.5 and 2.6, respectively. The ratios of citric acid to natural manganese ore were 0.1:100, 1:50 and 1:20, respectively, with the sulfuric acid concentration of 3mol/L. The saturation adsorption increased to 35.97mg/g when pH was 5.5, the sulfuric acid concentration 3mol/L, the mass ratio of citric acid to natural manganese ore 1:50.

Isothermal compression of the 7059 aluminum alloy was conducted on a Gleebe-1500D hot-simulator at the deformation temperature ranging from 330 to 450 °C and the strain rate ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 s^-1. The influences of deformation temperature and strain rate on the stress were studied according to true stress-true strain curves, and the constitutive equation of 7059 aluminum alloy during hot deformation was established based on hyperbolic sine equations of Arrhenius type. Error analyses show that the established constitutive equation is coincident with experimental data well, and the constitutive equation provides a theory basis for determining forging technology of 7059 aluminum alloy.

The corrosion behavior of Q235 steel in acidic soil was investigated with accelerated corrosion test by controlling the soil moisture content under constant temperature condition. Corrosion mass losses, macro surface corrosion morphology and the analysis of corrosion products were conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This work presents the fact that within a certain range, the greater the water content, the corrosion behavior is more serious. In both soil with 10% and 20% moisture content, samples were pitting. In the soil with 30% moisture content, samples were uniform corrosion. The water in soil is a significant factor affecting the electrochemical reaction of metal corrosion.

A thermodynamic model for Ti-V binary alloy system was established based on two sublattice model to estimate the molar fraction, atom fraction of elements in carbonitrides. Precipitates were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that The evolution of carbonitrides is (Ti_0.98V_0.02)(C_0.06N_0.94)→(V_xTi_1-x)(C_yN_1-y)→(Ti_0.55V_0.45)(C_0.23N_0.77), which is consistent with experimental results, in the temperature range from 950℃ to 900℃. While, R.A declined rapidly from 70.23% to 43.52% with the size of particles decreasing from 25 to 17nm and quantity increasing 8.4inds/μm² to 46inds/μm², respectively. In the temperature range from 900℃ to 850℃, R.A reduced unobviously from 43.52% to 31.5%. The critical stress, 88.79MPa, was equal to tensile strength at 825℃. Intergranular fracture was easy to occur with higher critical stress below 825℃.

Shimensi tungsten deposit was discovered in 2010 at Dahutang area, where the world's largest tungsten deposit was found. The deposit is genetically associated with the Late Mesozoic granitoids. The intersection of Shimensi fracture and Xianguoshan-Dahutang-Shiweidong basemental fractures controls emplacement of the ore-bearing granite and distribution of W-polymetallic deposits. The mineralization types of the deposit are divided into veinlet-disseminated type, cryptoexplosion breccia type and quartz thick vein type. The veinlet-disseminated type deposit accounts for about 90 % of total reserves. The host rock of the veinlet-disseminated type deposit is the Late Jinningian biotite granodiorite and the mineralization mother rocks is a Late Mesozoic porphyraceous biotite granite. The veinlet-disseminated orebdies are stratiform-like with gentle occurrence and are appromately parallel to the contact surface of biotite granodiorite and the top of porphyraceous biotite granite stock. The metallicminerals in the orebdies, accounting for about 1% to 2%, are mostly scheelite, wolframite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite and pyrite. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz, feldspar, biotite and clay minerals. The textures of ores are mostly xenomorphic, idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic granular textures and structures of ores are sparsely disseminated or dense disseminated and veinlet. The major ore bodies are labelled as Ⅰ1 andⅡ1. TheⅠ-1 Orebody accounts for 57% of the total amount and Ⅱ-1 Orebody accounts for 32.7%.

To develop ZnO-based deep ultraviolet (UV) detectors, we have explored the Mg_xZn_1-xO system as a new approach for the bandgap engineering of ZnO. Mg_xZn_1-xO epitaxial films with different Mg contents (x = 0 to 0.327) were grown on c-sapphire substrates using the radio-frequency (RF) plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). We have novel buffer layers designs to improve their crystal qualities and used x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmittance spectra to characterize the epi-films. Prototypes of UV detectors with the metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure were fabricated and tested, which showed high responsivity and a good signal-to-noise up to three orders of magnitude under 1 V bias, as well as the demonstration of blue-shift tuning of responsivity for Mg_xZn_1-xO-based detectors with Mg doping. These achievements should provide valuable insights and experiences for the Mg_xZn_1-xO-based materials and devices.

In this article, a Back-Propagation (BP) neural network model is developed for prediction of the corrosion loss of low alloy steel in the atmosphere. The model is built on the corrosion database of 17 low alloy steels exposed in the atmosphere in Guangzhou. An artificial fish-swarm algorithm (AFSA) in dealing was modified for optimization of the BP neural network. Using the optimized model, the effects of chemical elements on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel in the atmosphere was analyzed. The involved elements were Cu, Cr, Ni and Mo for commonly-used ones to enhance corrosion resistance and the other ones of Mn and Mo. The results indicate that the model can well predict the corrosion loss of low alloy steels. It is also demonstrated that the elements of Mo, Ni, Cu and improve the corrosion resistance, while Cr abnormally has detrimental impact continuously. Owning to its prediction capacity, the model can serve as the method for optimum design of low alloy steel for service in a similar environment.

The charge density, electronic energy band and density of states of Au-doped armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) with one-edge are investigated using the local density approximation based on density function theory. Our results indicate the charge density is transferred and mainly located on the Au atoms. The one-edge Au -doped AGNRs have low formation energy. So we predict that one-edge Au-doped AGNRs is an energetically favorable practice. The energy band structure of Au-doped AGNRs shows extra bands at near Fermi level in the valence band, which is cause to promote conductivity. The project density of states is calculated and reveals that the localization and hybridization between C-2p and Au-6s, 6p, 5d electronic states are much stronger in the valence band and the conduction band group. A localization state is induced due to the absence of the bonding charge between Au and H atoms, which contributes to H-1s electronic states at -0.13 eV near the Fermi level. It causes Fermi level is crossed by the conduction band to make becoming metallic.

The scaling relation of mean square end-to-end distance <R²> to number average molecular weight <N> during stepwise polymerization was studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The scaling of polymer was very close to ideal value 2v=1.2 and so did the probability distribution of polymer size. In our studied situations, the polydispersity induced by polymerization had negligible effect on the scaling. This observation demonstrate that the screening of volume exclusion is delayed due to large amount of short chains.

Kid's sunglasses have been the articles for children daily use. Therefore based on the children's physical and mental development characteristics and injury events in recent years, this paper analyzes the harm mechanism of nickel precipitation, transmission, high-temperature resistance and so on of the kid's sunglasses, parses the problems existed in standards and supervision of kid's sunglasses in China, and offers proposals for accelerating revision of national standards, strengthening consumption guide and enterprise supervision in order to improve the quality safety level of kid's sunglasses.

This paper investigates the compression process using different friction coefficients. A Drucker-Prager Cap (DPC) model was introduced to simulate the compaction behavior of the pharmaceutical starch powder. A kind of typical pharmaceutical tablet of concave face tablet is considered. The density, shear stress and displacement distributions during compaction are used to explain the friction coefficients affections. The results show that the maximum of density, shear stress increased with friction coefficients become larger, and the maximum value of density appears on the right corner place. With the friction coefficients increase, the effect on the displacement becomes larger.

To apply hemicyanine dyes on silk and create fluorescent fabrics, a novel hemicyanine fluorescent reactive dye (Dye1) was designed and synthesized. The synthesis of this dye was achieved by the modification of the free amino group of a hemicyanine fluorescent dye (DEASPCl-N (AE)), reacting with cyanuric chloride. The dye was fully characterized by using 1H-NMR, HRMS, UV-visible and single-photon fluorescence spectra. The application of the prepared dye to silk fabrics was carried out using the exhaustion method. High degree of color fastness to washing and light were achievable. Silk fabric dyed with Dye1 exhibited excellent fluorescent properties and could be used as fluorescent clothing.

A detailed research carried out to ascertain the influence of sand ratio on waste glass powder concrete is reported in this paper. Tests were designed to facilitate comparisons between concretes with waste glass powder and concretes without waste glass powder. The replacement level of cement by waste glass powder is 20%. The level of sand ratio is 35%, 39%, 43%, 47%, 51%, respectively. The compressive strength was test at age of 7 days, 28 days, 60 days. The results show that the change trend of waste glass powder is similar to control concrete. It is to say waste glass powder concrete also has a best sand ratio. Compared with the control group concrete, the change trend of slump value and compressive strength of waste glass powder concrete is gentle. The early compressive strength of waste glass powder concrete is reduced. The workability of waste glass powder concrete is improved in some degree at the low sand ratio.

The impact load on waste glass concrete manifestations of the dynamic resistance of the material by the static load rate is high, in this paper, according to the requirement to set up the three point bending beam test method and the loading scheme, for static, dynamic flexural test of waste glass powder concrete, the research content of waste glass powder research the influence of the dynamic characteristics of concrete material, provides the dynamic parameters of material basis for the impact, and using high speed camera to video record the impact process.

Many dwelling houses from 79 administrative villages of 23 provinces were investigated by our research group from June to September in 2009. 84.5% of the houses investigated are masonry buildings. On the basis of research on the masonry buildings in the villages and small towns, the structural characteristics of the masonry buildings are introduced. To understand the primary weakness of rural houses, the typical status is investigated, including the foundation treatment, walls Rachel, structural concrete column and ring beam setting, etc. Ultimately, several important problems were turned up, such as the uneven settlement of foundation, low strength of masonry mortar, doors and windows with excessive opening rate, placing the purlin in the gable directly, no structural concrete column or ring beam, poor construction technology, etc. The common forms of seismic damage are researched and the causes are analyzed in the end.

China has the largest aging population in the world, and has entered the aging society. The building light environment design of the existing old-age facilities is still in its infancy. It is very necessary to constitute the evaluation system and the design standards to create a good environment for the aged. This article is about the problems and thinking about the design planning and design guidelines of the building light environment of the facilities for the aged, which is in the research about “the building intelligent integral solution research of new facilities for the aged”, which is in the youth fund of the national natural science foundation of China.

A basic research on shrinkage resistance of recycled coarse aggregate concrete subjected to different substitution rate was carried out. In this experiment, there were 30%, 40%, 50%, 70% natural stone substituted by recycled coarse aggregate and part of cement replaced by active admixture. The results showed that autogenous shrinkage, total shrinkage and drying shrinkage develop rapidly in the early age, and the shrinkage of concrete increased along with the amount of recycled coarse aggregate increased while the benchmark water-binder ratio was under the same circumstance.

As a natural high-polymer material, eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) tends to gather in order and at room temperature the crystallization is plastic instead of an elastomer. Currently, asphalt modifier is mainly based on petroleum products which are unsustainable. After vulcanized, EUG will has the obvious elastic-plastic duality such as asphalt modifier SBS. Based on analyzing the physical and mechanical function of EUG in different vulcanizing degrees, blending asphalt with vulcanized EUG and Scanning electricity mirror and asphalt performance improving effect experiment are made to study on pavement performance of EUG used on asphalt modifying. The result indicates that vulcanized EUG exists in a section of the best cross-join degree. When the cross-join degree of vulcanized EUG is according with the section, the vulcanized EUG can improve both low temperature performance and high temperature performance of asphalt, which means that it is a feasible and desired choice for asphalt modifying.

The quantitative estimation of forest biomass provides important reference information for global carbon storage and carbon cycle research. This study based on the four periods TM remote sensing data of 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and early 21st century and forest resources inventory sample data during the same period, with ArcGIS analyzed the forest biomass spatial distribution characteristics of Lesser Khingan Range, and acquired the forest biomass distribution law with elevation and slope change, the study results are important to maintain the ecological balance of the three northeast provinces of China. Research results shows that: in this study area with the increasing of elevation the forest biomass and distribution have a lesser proportion, the sequence of forest biomass distribution with slope change of each period from big to small is: slope class 1 > slope class 2 > slope class 3 > slope class 4 > slope class 5 = slope class 6.

Researchers have taken studies on the ecosystem service value (ESV) of a nature reserve for some time. This study estimates the annual ESV of the Honghu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve in the middle reach of the Changjiang River in Hubei Province of China in 2001 by using modified economic parameters, evaluation approaches and reasonable data which are suitable for local economic condition. This study offers suggestions regarding the protection, use and management of the Honghu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve. This Nature Reserve should be used based on effective projection.

Piloti which leads to good ventilation and offers shading space, has become a popular design method in both of traditional and modern buildings in subtropical climate cities. Due to the limitation of techniques, there are few studies research on the comprehensive influence of piloti on mean radiant temperature (MRT) environment in communities. Taking the city of Guangzhou in China as an example, using 3-D unsteady state heat balance radiation calculation method, this paper researches the comprehensive influence of piloti ratio on MRT in residential communities. The result shows that piloti ratio highly influences the MRT surround the building edges and under piloti. The MRT of exposed area decreased when the piloti ratio increased, and the MRT under piloti increased with the increase of piloti ratio, both of which show a shaper trend when the piloti ratio changes to 100 percent.

In recent years, industrial parks have played an important role in economic development in less developed areas in China. The purpose of this research is to identify key factors impacting sustainable development of industrial parks. Based on the relevant literature, this paper proposed undertaking green industry transfer as a primary factor. Additive synthesis method was used to build a comprehensive evaluation model for undertaking green industry transfer and industrial parks in Jiangxi. Data of the model were got from Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook and China Industry Economy Statistical Yearbook. On this basis, the paper used SPSS 20.0 to analyze the linkage between undertaking green industry transfer and sustainable development of industrial parks. The results confirm that undertaking green industry transfer affects industrial parks positively and significantly in the sustainable development. According to the results, governments in less developed areas should focus more on undertaking green industry transfer to promote local economic development.

According to the General Condition of Green Mine from MLR (Ministry of Land and Resources, P. R. China) in 2010, the MLR mandated the development of green mines, totaled to 459, for three times. The criteria for selecting Green Mines embody the thinking of mining ethics. It has been so far the best way of the mining enterprises to attain sustainable development and commit to their social obligations that required by the country. Unlike other countries, Chinese mining ethics have somewhat learnt from traditional thinking of China. These ideas cherish harmonious coexistence of man and the nature, respect the nature and propose moderate development, include: theory which holds man is an integral part of the nature, “The law of the Dao is its being what it is”, and “a contented mind is a perpetual feast”. By building pyramid model to illustrate the ethics related to building green mines, the author suggests that a green mining company should take up legal responsibility for government, economic responsibility for enterprise, responsibility for resources, and ethical resources for community. The pyramid shows the different manifestation of responsibilities and value goal by the hierarchy of responsibilities. The building of green mines must introduce mining ethics. Mining Ethics is the essence of Green Mining in China.

The subjective research technique was already introduced into the acoustic environment research form psychology, behavior study, and linguistics and so on, which once only paid great attention to the objective data and not emphasize person's subjective feeling. However, the research of acoustic environment needs to be put on a higher level, be regards by the overall situation judgment, be regards by the sustainable judgment, and to create a high quality acoustic environment based on the ecology idea.

By using Penman-Monteith Formula, crop reference evapotranspiration in Xiaziling small watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir was calculated; and adopting field observations and experimental data, it could obtain the crop coefficient. Then actual evapotranspiration, which could reflect water requirement, is calculated by coupling analyzing them. Results present that: water supply due to rainfall is greater than water requirement of different crops in most months, and redundant supply account for 50-70% of annual precipitation. But there have relative different between monthly rainfalls. So, in whole growth stage of different crops, there is still exist water shortage (35-135mm). So it could adjust regional runoff and build drainage system and water storage system, which could give replenishment for insufficient water supplement.

Influences of road on plant species diversity are more and more concerned by the road ecologists. In this paper, line transect method was employed to have an investigation to 4 types of wetlands, ocean-side grassland, marsh wetland, paddy field wetland, salt pond and the aquafarm along the coastal highway in Liaoning, China. The species composition and the gradient change law of species diversity had been discussed. The result has shown that on the gradient outward from the highway: (1) the farther from the highway, the more plant species are approximate to the local species; (2) the species richness of ocean-side grassland and marsh wetland presents a pattern of gradual increasing, while the richness of both the paddy field wetland and salt pond presents a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; (3) Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Sφrenson index and Cody index of the community are of basically consistent change pattern, all presenting the form of first increasing and then decreasing. These analyses suggest that the highway has a significant influence on the species diversity; in the area adjacent to the road, the change of diversity is mainly associated with the habitat of different position from road, while with the increasing of distance from the road, the change of diversity has been gradually weakened; from the perspective of the influence range of road, the slope outside the ditch (about 10 m away from the road) is the area with the most abundant diversity.

The natural environment is the human made places of basic life substance and to human provide raw material production base, water is the most active factor in the natural environment, water environment directly affects the survival and development of human society. For in recent years, China's urban life water consumption increased year by year, and water resource is decreasing year by year, we analyze the Shaoxing water resource use to study a variety of water-saving technology, get conclusion by use of combining with the recycled water and rain water, in order to improve the water environment.

At present, the North-South climate reversed, the ecological environment is deteriorating, cold solution of ecological problems in the built environment more urgent than before. In this paper, the concept of ecological building, environmental protection and rational use of resources under the premise, with Han in climate, how to handle winter city architecture and the relationship between the natural environment are expounded, and to explore the ecological building in cold approaches designed to create a suitable winter cities spatial patterns characteristic of sustainable building, and then into the cold city of its implementation and management of the planning framework, people, architecture and natural environment of a healthy circulatory system.

Sediment quality criteria are the supplement of current water quality criteria and very important in water quality management. The research necessity on the sediments quality criteria were reviewed this paper. The research advances on the main contents and research method of sediments quality criteria in China were also introduced in details. Finally, the weak links, existing problems and future development directions in the research field were pointed out.

A case study of Dachaoshan dam along the Lancang River was conducted to analyze the land use change and the influencing distance of dam operation. Three buffer zones of concentric rings surrounding the river were created at 500m, 1000m and 2000m. The land use change of the three buffer zones and the entire basin of the three periods was analyzed. The result shows that the land use change of three buffer zones is more significant than the entire basin, which means Dachaoshan hydropower station has significant effects on the land use of the river valley zones. The scope of its influence mainly concentrates in the river on both sides within the scope of 1000 m.

The development of the biogas industry in cities is of practical significance to the carbon economy. According to the current development situation of biogas in our country, the paper analyzed the necessity and urgency of biogas development in cities from social, economical and environmental aspects. Then, it proved the feasibility to popularize biogas from the aspects of technology, raw material and industrialization by learning advanced technology and practical experience from foreign countries. At last, it discussed the diversified development of biogas application in cities, providing a new idea for the low carbon economy and the construction of low-carbon cities of the nation.

The geographical patterns of plant species richness at the large scale is one of the most pervasive features of life on Earth. This study described this pattern for plants from 18 nature reserves in China subtropical zone and explored the potential explanations behind this pattern. By means of Pearson's correlation analyses, the hidden forces that shape the plant species richness pattern in China subtropical zone were found. The findings showed that plant species richness variation was explained by both energy and water measured as annual potential evapotranspiration and minimum monthly precipitation, respectively. Moreover, climatic heterogeneity in nature reserve habitat explained more variance in plant species richness than topographical heterogeneity. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing the role of climatic heterogeneity in shaping plant species richness pattern.

Accurate climate data is an essential environmental factor to quantify ecology, geography and other related research fields. In this paper, we performed thin-plate smoothing spline interpolation implemented in ANUSPLIN on monthly climate data and obtained precipitation and temperature monthly interpolation surfaces in Kangdian area. Error analysis showed the RTMSE of temperature was less than 0.513 and the RTMSE of precipitation was less than 12.700 in most months. Compared with IDW and Kriging method, the proposed method could get more accurate results. It indicated that ANUSPLIN method could be the optimal spatial interpolation method in interpolating the monthly meteorological data in Kangdian area and other areas with complex terrain.

In this paper, Moldflow/MPI is used to make a comparison between conformal cooling system and traditional cooling system, taking suction hood cooling process for example. Through analyzing the comparison of cooling time, part average temperature and wrap simulation results, effectiveness of conformal cooling is researched, the result of which provides certain reference meanings for further study and wide use of conformal cooling system.

This article through to the environmental impact of reef blasting engineering construction period will be analyzed, predicted and evaluated. Prevent or mitigate adverse environmental impacts on engineering countermeasures and measures of rational analysis. Results show that the three gorges reservoir fluctuating backwater reach Lou creek to Fuling reach navigation-obstructing reef blasting in the first phase in the strict implementation of the ecological protection and pollution prevention measures. During the construction of regional ecological environmental impact is small. It will not change the regional environmental function and will not have a significant impact on drinking water sources (water intake) protected areas. From the perspective of the environmental protection, construction scheme is feasible.

Natural stable isotope tracer technology has become an important analytical techniques and research method in geochemical research, which is simple and efficient. Using natural stable isotope tracer (²H/¹⁸O) technology, the spatial variation characteristics of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition and content were involved in the Xinxue River artificial wetland project, Jining, Shandong Province. At the same time, its correlation with temperature and conductivity was also discussed. The results showed that it could be used to estimate the short-circuit flow unit in the artificial wetland, and provide data support for the structure parameter optimization of large-scale artificial wetlands.

This paper analyzes the types and hazards of chlorine in drinking water disinfection byproducts, describes the current status of research on chlorine disinfection byproducts control measures, analyzed the formation mechanism of chlorine disinfection byproducts, briefly discussed its control method. And it's proposed future directions for research work, which further system development can effectively control the drinking water chlorination by-products cost-effective new technologies related to treatment with a reference value.

Based on the investigation of Jiuzhou River, and puts forward the new method based on GP about forecast non-point source pollutants. Jiuzhou river since 1986-1995 which the monitoring data as training samples and testing samples. Nonpoint source pollution load and its influencing factors of the nonlinear mapping relationship between, can be achieved by GP structure learning and training samples. The monitoring data of Jiuzhou River since 1996 to 1998 are preformed to testify the effects of the method above. Compared with other machine learning methods, it show that GP method is more feasible, effective and simple.

Considering the mechanism of nonpoint source pollution and the shortage of monitoring data in China, a practical estimation method of nonpoint source pollution load—probability distribution of nonpoint Source method was established.

The UASB-CASS-coagulation process was used to treat cassava starch wastewater. The application results show that when the COD, BOD₅ and SS of influent were 13078 mg/L, 7297 mg/L and 3386mg/L respectively, the effluent were 96 mg/L, 18mg/L and 42mg/L. The removal rate of three indicators were above 99%. The effluent COD, BOD₅ and SS concentration were stable and met the national standard GB8978-1996 for discharge. At the same time, the gas which made during the wastewater treatment was used to the combustion, getting good environmental and economic benefits.

This paper took 35CrMo alloy steel used by train axle as the study object and conducted tempering under different temperatures after oil quenching to study the effect of tempering on the conventional mechanical properties and fracture toughness of 35CrMo steel. Three-point bending specimen was used for the fracture toughness test in the Instron8501 universal machine, and the fracture morphology of three-point bending specimen and the microstructure of the material under different tempering temperatures were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that when tempering at 450~550 ℃ after oil quenching, the characteristic of 35CrMo steel lath martensite structure gradually disappears, the change of strength and plasticity tends to be gentle with rise of tempering temperature, and the fracture toughness J_Q0.2BL presents obviously rising trend. As tempering at 600 ℃, plasticity index significantly increases, and the fracture toughness J_Q0.2BL reaches 134.12 KJ/m².

A microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensor can be used to detect the water toxicity. High sensitivity is required for practical application. In this study, the configuration of MFC, detection time, substrate concentration, external resistance and anode material were optimized to obtain high sensitivity. The results showed that compared to double-chamber MFC, single-chamber MFC with a simpler structure and higher peak voltage, was easier to operate and more suitable for water quality monitoring. When using the single-chamber MFC to test water quality, the optimal detection time was 4h. The optimal substrate (NaAc) concentration was 0.5mg/mL and the sensitivity decreased with the NaAc concentration. The optimal external resistance was equal to the internal resistance. Anode materials had a significant effect on the sensitivity of MFC biosensor and MFC using carbon cloth as anode material had higher sensitivity than using layered corrugated carbon. In the optimum condition, the MFC biosensor could detect 0.1mg/L Cd2+ shock and 1mg/L Cu2+ shock and could be developed for industrial wastewater monitoring.

In order to respond to the call of the national low-carbon travel, a new type of traffic pattern came into being, that is, P+R traffic model. This conversion mode can effectively reduce the road traffic pressure, reduce environmental pollution, improve the utilization rate of the road, to bring social, economic and environmental benefits to the city. This paper first puts forward the P+R traffic model, and then analyzes the factors that affect the environmental benefit of P+R mode, and then calculates the HC, CO and NO_X the reduction of P+R, P+R, and estimates the economic value of the two aspects of the parking lot.

Summarized and analyzed the sewage treatment technology and its characteristics in domestic and overseas, then investigate its applicability of the rural sewage treatment. In 2011, the “anaerobic filter with solar aerobic wetland” technology was used as an example of a demonstration to treat the domestic sewage in rural environment improvement in Guangxi, the results show that the treatment system quite prefect, Indicator in COD, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia and so on, these pollutants have a good effect in pollutions removal through the processing system, the trade effluents can arrive “urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard” (GB18918-2002) at B standard.

Hydrolytic-aerobic biological contact oxidation process was used to treat the wastewater from pulp washing and bleaching section. The method to resolve this problem is to build in some perforation pipes on the basin bed, which can let a little of aerobic sludge reflow back into the hydrolytic-acidification basin in a fixed period. The aerobic sludge can stir anaerobic sludge, so the sludge contacts to the wastewater sufficiently, and the hydrolytic-acidification becomes more effect. The results show that the removal rates of COD_Cr, BOD₅ was 85% or above.

Based on the investigation crane reservoir and made pollutants based GPC new method for predicting the opposite. Jiuzhou River from 2000--2010 years of monitoring data as training and test samples. Non-point source pollution load factors and the influence of nonlinear mapping relationship between the structure by GPC learning and training samples. Monitoring data Jiuzhou river since 2000-2010 experiments demonstrate the impact of the above methods. Compared with other machine learning methods, it suggests, GP method is more feasible, effective and simple.

The starch wastewater has the characteristics of high concentration of COD and BOD, and good biodegradability, the UASB-CASS-Coagulation is used to the treatment of starch wastewater. The effluent treated from the system met the national standard GB8978-1996 for discharge. The application results show that the UASB-CASS-Coagulation combined process has advantages of high stability and efficiency, low running expense, utilizing the available resources, etc.

With the development of urban rail transit, the traffic noise pollution is getting more and more serious, which need to be solved urgently. Noise barrier and green belts as an effective method to reduce noise pollution has been widely used. Because of the Public-private partnership (PPP) has successfully been used in rail transportation, so the cost of reducing noise should be considered before the investment and financing of urban rail transit via PPP. In other words, the environmental benefits of reducing rail traffic noise should be considered.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of China's circular economy development from the perspective of resources and environment, and to seek the Countermeasures of China's circular economy development. The author collected a large amount of data and literature. This paper summarizes the development of circular economy in Germany, the United States, Japan and other developed countries, analyzes the current situation and problems of China's circular economy development, and puts forward some suggestions for the development of circular economy in China.

To solve this problem that the monomolecular film of high-chain fatty alcohol is influenced by wind and waves greatly and can not be applied to a large area of water bodies, this paper proposes method of reducing the impact of wind and waves with floating grid. Combined with climatic characteristics of the Tarim Basin, this article explains the materials and structures of floating grid. After testing in the experimental area, the results show that the method of floating grid can effectively reduce wind and waves damage to the monomolecular film in the average wind speed of 1.5m/s and 3.0m/s, and improve the efficiency of hindering evaporation.

To increase the utilization rate of water resources, this paper has developed a new environmentally-friendly heterogeneous retardant, which contains higher aliphatic alcohol (C₁₈OH), a base material of water evaporation retardant. Also, the retardant is compounded with fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) emulsifier and normal propyl alcohol. Through an indoor analog and contrastive experiment, the paper analyzes the various factors of this retardant, such as concentration, temperature and coating time, etc. The experiment result shows that compared to homogeneous retardant, heterogeneous retardant (C₁₈OH/C₃OH) has better stability, higher resistance to temperature interference and a stronger inhibitory effect on water evaporation. Meanwhile, it can reduce about 40% of invalid water evaporation capacity.

To spark test requirements for the foundation, determine the parameters of the security directly affected spark test apparatus sensitivity, stability and repeatability. Combined with the structure of the IEC spark test apparatus, gives the important factors affecting the ability of the spark ignition, and the establishment of non-orthogonal experimental model of interaction, Poor law and variance method using the test results were analyzed, obtain the optimum level combinations. By a large number of experiments, analysis of the primary and secondary factors examined, for inspectors to reduce testing time and simplify the inspection work has practical significance and promotion.

The aviation safety status is more prominent and important with the development of aircraft. The aero engine is the system with the highest failure rate and maximum maintenance workload. The exhaust gas temperature is one of the performance parameters which reflected aero-engine operation state mostly. The methods of combining RBFPN (radial basis function prediction network) and FAR (functional coefficient autoregressive model) and wavelet process neural network analysis are used to make the EGTM prediction. They both get the better results.

Irregular transfer of traction easily caused cracks at the hook tongue component in freight couplers when they were in hard working conditions, which has a great impact on freight security. In order to investigate how much the stress influences the damage on hook body component, finite element models of Type 13B and Type 17 assemblies was proposed to calculate the stress distribution. The results of FEM are highly consistent with the actual destruction in working conditions, making it possible to solve such issues in engineering practice.

For some enterprises' problem during selecting the Vibration Stress Relief (VSR) technological parameters by experience, a lathe bed has been studied. According to the VSR processing problems, the finite element analysis is used for analyzing the casting's natural frequencies and mode. The Effect of Different supporting position on lathe bed's natural frequency is being analyzed. According to the results of modal analysis, the appropriate frequency and supporting points are selected. A reference is provided to make the reasonable technological parameters.

In this paper, by using Hertz theory the size of the contact angle different two new four-point contact ball bearing's contact stress and contact deformation were calculated, and compared to the contact stress and deformation of deep groove ball bearings, the calculated results point that when the new four-point contact bearing only bore radial force, its stress was better than the deep groove ball bearings, and the stress change of four-point contact ball bearing caused by different contact angle is obvious, but changes in the size of the contact area is not very different. Finally, with the finite element analysis software ANSYS-workbench, three sets of bearings' contact stress and strain have respectively carried out simulation analysis, and verify the correctness of the analysis results once again. The result of the new four-point contact ball bearing performance analysis and optimization design provides a reference basis, and have practical value.

Based on the DSP, a kind of induction heating power supply of high frequency is designed. The switching element is IGBT. The control technology of PID adopted can adjust the power in time. The application of digital phase-locked loop technology in high frequency occasion which is based on DSP and DPLL makes the phase lock has fast dynamic property and steady-state performance of high precision. It realizes reliable load frequency tracing and reliable inverter mode control. At the same time, it increases work efficiency and power factor of the inverter. Thus, it helps achieve the purpose of promoting the digital control of high frequency induction heating power supply. It guarantees the heating efficiency, stability and anti-jamming capability in the system. In a word, it is of high utility value.

As the development of deep-processing of aquatic food, the increasing yields of canned aquatic products require a large demand of can making machinery. Edge forming of can lid is one of the key processes in the can-making procedure. To overcome the problems including high cost, high rejection rate, and low production efficiency, edge forming by stamping die was utilized. The stamping die is designed in this study, and the edge forming was simulated with spring back analysis. The quality of lid edge was predicted and the design of stamping die was verified.

In this article, the important development trend of car design will be discussed. At first, the purposes of the application of new materials and technologies in car design will be stated. Then the new kinds of energy which are applied in the future cars will be explored. The classification of new material and technology will be demonstrated. Furthermore, some examples will be described to show how new materials and new technologies can be used in car design. In additional, it is likely to be that new materials and processes will promote sustainable development of the car design. Based on current development of automotive design, it is necessary to predict some of the new materials and new technology will be applied in future car designs. It seems that new materials and new technologies will bring breakthrough in car design.

To study the design of molded pulp products structure based on UG. With the use of UG software, electric kettle as an example, solid modeling was proceeded and the molded pulp structural design were described in detail the whole process according to the structural features and design requirements of the molded pulp products, as well as the general steps of paper pulp molding design. Practice showed that giving full play to the advantages of software function, the quality and efficiency of the molded pulp products structural design can be improved.

A new set of self-made car shifting information acquisition system is introduced. By means of acquisition of multi-sensors, and with the improved recursive average filter method, a test platform including a mechanical device, information collection module and the host computer that was setted up in this paper. The system can realize real-time data acquisition for shift force, shift route, choosing grade route, pedal force and pedal route, meanwhile, using MATLAB to carry on the data analysis, with the image and the curve showing the spatial position of the shift lever, the movement trajectory of the clutch pedal and the situation of the certain components under the shifting force in the process of shifting. Real vehicle test proves that the automobile gear shifting information acquisition system is accurate and reliable, and it has important significance for the objective evaluation of the shift operation quality.

Nowadays, Semantic networks are widely installed around the world. Typical Semantic networks provide semantic data for Web service, electronic commerce, automatic control, etc. In the future semantics will become a part of essential facilities. In such a solution the network operator has to control the consistency of the network devices, otherwise the reliability of the whole system is debatable. The problem is that every consistency protocol needs a reliable path between the devices. Therefore, we will introduce a secret path for secret transmission of consistency controlling messages. The secret path enables us to hide consistency check messages integrated into regular communication without giving implicit attackers a message on the used consistency protocol.

The problem which is solved firstly for numerical solution of partial differential equations is the mesh generation to computational domain. To improve the efficiency of mesh generation and ensure the grid quality, this paper adopts the grid generation which combines the advantages of Delaunay with advancing front technique, and utilizes advancing front technique to generate initial mesh in the border. It also utilizes the way of Delaunay to generate generation node in the interior of initial mesh, which makes global grid in the end.

The stability of the buoy is a foundation for long-term and normal monitoring, small data buoys were taken as an example in this paper, the structure and the working principle was described, the method to calculate the center of gravity and buoyancy was introduced, finally the stability was analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the design of stability.

This paper according to the characteristics of distribution network, based on the current moment of secondary distribution network model, the use of the secondary current moment come up with a balanced perspective of the new distribution network reconstruction. This method does not consider the network topology constraints, are not affected by the initial structure of the network, determine a disconnect switch can be computed once the trend, which can effectively improve the solution speed. The proposed method is more simple calculations, and a small amount of calculation.

Yield analysis is one of the most important subjects in IC companies. During the initial stage of new process development, several factors can greatly impact the yield simultaneously. This paper describes a statistical way to diagnose sort yield loss issues of SONOS (Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon) wafers by using E-test result. Besides that, the wafer sort failure can be recovered by double program/erase cycles. Furthermore, the test failure recovery mechanism is discussed in this paper as well.

Serviced the needs of the Cooling Storage Ring, Power Supply Room produced a lot of heat at running time. Most of the heat was taken away by the cooling water system, but still quite a few was sent out to the surrounding air and caused environment temperature raised. The fluctuations of environment temperature can make parameters of electrical components changed and the Power unstable, furthermore, affect the stability of Accelerator's beam. Thus, the environment temperature stability is essential to the Accelerator's operation, which is the fundamental point when design the air conditioning system for Power Supply Room. We needed to consider the complicated installation environment and different condition when the season changed. In this design, the hall of CSRm was separated and made the Power Supply Room an independent space; Adopted the solution of steel structure based on the original building in order to reduce the difficulty of the construction; designed the roof both activities ones and fixed ones to ensure the convenience of power maintenance; Chosen the Choi steel board to reduce the loss of cold and heat; using the supply air duct and stilt floor by direct-expansion unit to organize the air-flow. Finally, we ensured the environment temperature constant and well controlled.

In this paper, the CFD software was used to simulate the flow pattern of gas in goaf. We studied the features of movement and distribution of gas in U-shaped ventilation system. The goaf was considered as porous media. Multi-step modelling and transient analysis were adopted in numerical process to simulate the laws of workface process and distribution of gas in goaf. The results show that the return airway and the deep area of goaf are gas accumulated places. Goaf deep part far away from the coalface is the focus to the research work of goaf gas control. Using ground drilling to drainage gas is an effective way to reduce the gas concentration. The numerical results are helpful to the reasonable arrangement of drilling.

This paper investigates the feasibility of welding on a stamped steel part used in the automotive industry. A bending machine was employed to introduce a continuous and incremental deformation (up to 35 % true stain) on Q235 steel plates. Afterwards, Metal Active Gas (MAG) welding process was carried out on the folded plates and the weld toes were positioned respectively in areas of 15 % and 30 % plastic pre-deformation. Non-deformed Q235 steel weldment was prepared as a control sample. The results show that the appropriate welding parameters within the framework of this investigation are 4 mm/s as the speed of the torch, 4.2 m/min as wire-feed speed and 23 V as the welding voltage. In addition, it is found that despite the similarity of the microstructures, the fusion zone (FZ) and partially melted zone (PMZ) on the pre-deformed weld joints are both narrower than the control sample. Different zones are observed along the isotherm.

Cement output in China is continues rising at present, while NOx emission from the cement industry has reached 2 million tons. Entire SNCR system include ammonia storage system, filling module, transportation module, metered dispensing module, jetting module and the automatic control unit, etc. Project examples prove that the SNCR technology has with high NOx removal efficiency and low ammonia slip in cement kilns and has broad market.

Traditional laboratory pumping detection can't actually simulate hyper high-rise pumping feasibility. Horizontal simulating pumping detected concrete pumping feasibility of Tianjin 117 edifice in this paper. Tubing pressure change discipline was studied during concrete pumping through detection on tubing pressure loss.

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