Narrow Results

The concept of splicing system was first introduced by Head in 1987 to model the biological process of DNA recombination mathematically. This model was made on the basis of formal language theory which is a branch of applied discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science. In fact, splicing system treats DNA molecule and the recombinant behavior by restriction enzymes and ligases in the form of words and splicing rules respectively. The notion of splicing systems was taken into account from different points of view by many mathematicians. Several modified definitions have been introduced by many researchers. In this paper, some properties of different kinds of splicing systems are presented and their relationships are investigated. Furthermore, these results are illustrated by some examples.

Chapter 9 addresses the foundational issues as they relate to the topological distinctions found in the Mereon Trefoil in particular and the Mereon geometry in general. Kauffman presents how the non-standard version of the trefoil knot seen tied by tracing the arcing angles of the Matrix is a higher energy version of the alternating weave of the 3,2 trefoil knot. Geospherical in nature, links are made to the pentagon, Petersen graph, the Five Elements. So too, connections are made to Fourier knots, and how the Mereon Trefoil form by connecting double helices. Connections are established between the pattern of DNA recombination, Spencer-Brown’s ‘Laws of Form’, and Shea Zellweger’s Logical Garnet. The assertion that the shape of the universe is dodecahedral is linked with how its construction might arise from the trefoil knot as the unfolding of a five-fold symmetry. It is presented how this would make the Mereon knot a complex but simple ‘cosmic loop’ around the whole universe, thus making knot theory universally applicable.