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In an era of rapid technological evolution, modernization of government functions, particularly defense policies, is imperative for national security. This research aims to explore three critical dimensions: the influence of technological advancements on defense policy development and implementation, strategies to overcome bureaucratic hurdles, and the role of international cooperation in enhancing defense modernization. Utilizing qualitative research methods, this study employs secondary data from scholarly articles, government reports, and case studies. The findings indicate that technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) significantly shape defense policies, but bureaucratic resistance and complex organizational structures hinder progress. Furthermore, international collaboration provides essential resources and expertise, facilitating more effective modernization efforts. Against this backdrop, integrating advanced technologies, streamlining bureaucratic processes, and fostering international partnerships are vital for modernizing defense policies to address contemporary security challenges effectively.