Narrow Results

In this paper, we study a two-lane totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) coupled with random attachment and detachment of particles (Langmuir kinetics) in both lanes under open boundary conditions. Our model can describe the directed motion of molecular motors, attachment and detachment of motors, and free inter-lane transition of motors between filaments. In this paper, we focus on some finite-size effects of the system because normally the sizes of most real systems are finite and small (e.g., size ≤ 10 000). A special finite-size effect of the two-lane system has been observed, which is that the density wall moves left first and then move towards the right with the increase of the lane-changing rate. We called it the jumping effect. We find that increasing attachment and detachment rates will weaken the jumping effect. We also confirmed that when the size of the two-lane system is large enough, the jumping effect disappears, and the two-lane system has a similar density profile to a single-lane TASEP coupled with Langmuir kinetics. Increasing lane-changing rates has little effect on density profiles after the density reaches maximum. Also, lane-changing rate has no effect on density profiles of a two-lane TASEP coupled with Langmuir kinetics at a large attachment/detachment rate and/or a large system size. Mean-field approximation is presented and it agrees with our Monte Carlo simulations.

In this paper, we propose a stochastic cellular automata (CA) model to study traffic dynamic at a single-lane traffic circle of $N$ entry/exit points. The boundaries are controlled by the injecting rates ${\alpha }_1$, ${\alpha }_2$ and the extracting rate $\beta$. Both the cases with and without the splitter islands of width $L_{sp}$ are considered. The phase diagrams in the space ${(\alpha }_1\beta )$ are constructed and the density profiles are also investigated. The variation of the phase diagram with the traffic circle size $(L)$, the number of entry point $(N)$, and the time needed for drivers to change their exit willingly $(T_{\mathrm{\text{exit}}})$ is studied. The results show that the phase diagram in both cases consists essentially of three phases namely free flow, congestion and gridlock. However, the large sized traffic circle shows better performance in the free flow phase, in contrary, the increase of $N$ enlarges the congestion and the gridlock phases. We have also found that the decrease of $T_{\mathrm{\text{exit}}}$ enhances the traffic flow situation in the traffic circle. Furthermore, as the $L_{sp}$ increases, the free flow phase enlarges while the congestion and gridlock ones shrink.

In this paper, we propose a stochastic cellular automata model to study the traffic behavior at a single-lane roundabout. Vehicles can enter the interior lane or exit from it via $N$ intersecting lane, the boundary conditions are stochastic. The traffic is controlled by a self-organized scheme. It has turned out that depending on the rules of insertion to the roundabout, five distinct traffic phases can appear, namely, free flow, congestion, maximum current, jammed and gridlock. The transition between the free flow and the gridlock is forbidden. The density profiles are used to study the traffic pattern at the interior lane of the roundabout. In order to quantify the interactions between vehicles in the interior lane of the roundabout, the velocity correlation coefficient (VCC) is also studied. Besides, the spatiotemporal diagrams corresponding to the entry/exit lanes are derived numerically. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of displaying signal ($P_{\mathrm{\text{In}}})$, as the $P_{\mathrm{\text{In}}}$ decreases, the maximum current increases at the expense of the free flow and the jamming phase. Finally, we have investigated the effect of the braking probability $P$ on the interior lane of the roundabout. We have found that the increase of $P$ raises the spontaneous jam formation on the ring. Thus, enlarges the maximum current and the jamming phase while the free flow phase decreases.

In the framework of the unimodular metagravity, with the scalar graviton/graviscalar dark matter, a regular anomalous one-parameter solution to the static spherically symmetric metagravity equations in empty space is found. The solution presents a smooth graviscalar halo, with a finite central density profile, qualitatively reproducing the asymptotically flat rotation curves of galaxies. To refine the description the study of the axisymmetric case in the presence of luminous matter is required.

The density profiles of a hard Gaussian overlap (HGO) fluid confined in between hard walls and in contact with a hard wall are studied using the density functional theory. The hyper-netted chain (HNC) approximation is used to find the coupled integral equations for the density profiles. The restricted orientation model (ROM) is used. The required homogeneous direct correlation function (DCF) is obtained by solving Ornstein–Zernike (OZ) integral equation numerically, using the Precus–Yevick (PY) approximation and the procedure mentioned by Letz and Latz [Phys. Rev.E60, 5865 (1999)]. We also obtained the DCF of hard ellipsoidal (HE) fluid by using the modified closest approach introduced by Rickayzen [Mol. Phys.68, 903 (1989)]. For both HGO and HE, we calculate the density profiles of molecules parallel and perpendicular to the walls and we compare the results. The calculations are performed for various values of packing fractions of the fluid and various molecular elongations. For moderate elongations, k≤3, the results for HGO and HE are almost the same, especially for the density profile of the molecules parallel to the walls but for k=5 there are some discrepancies between the results, in particular for the density profiles of the molecules perpendicular to the walls.

This paper is concerned with thermostatistics of both D-dimensional Bose and Fermi ideal gases in a confining potential of type Arⁿ+Br^-n, where A, B are strictly positive constants and n is the power-law exponent. The investigation is performed in the framework of the semiclassical approximation. Some physical quantities for such systems are derived, like the density of states, density profiles and the number of particles. Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) is discussed in the high and low temperature limits corresponding to T→∞ and T→0, respectively.

The Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model describes successfully our Universe on large scales, as has been verified by a wide range of observations. A number of apparent inconsistencies have arisen between observations and ΛCDM predictions on small scales. In this work, the current status of observations on galactic and subgalactic scales is reviewed. Theoretical predictions and recent observations are brought together in order to reveal the nature and severity of the inconsistencies. Lastly, the progress towards the resolution of each one of these conflicts is briefly reviewed.

Large Hadron Collider at CERN has a plan to have Oxygen+Oxygen (O+O) collisions in the upcoming run. In this work, we use A Multi-Phase Transport Model (AMPT) to employ transverse spherocity in O+O collision at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{\text{NN}}}}=7$TeV and obtain the transverse momentum spectra, integrated yield and mean transverse momentum for identified charged-particles i.e. pion, kaon and proton. We implement the spherocity analysis to separate and distinguish isotropic and jetty events and show that the particle production mechanism is different for both types of events. In addition, the mean transverse momentum for jetty events shows a completely different behavior from the isotropic one.