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Layer-by-Layer (LBL) self-assembled films of rose bengal (RB) have been fabricated onto quartz substrate by the alternative adsorption of polycation poly (amine hydrochloride) (PAH) and RB. UV–Vis absorption studies reveal the formation of RB dimmer in PAH-RB LbL films. Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) picture confirms the aggregation of RB molecules in LbL films. Almost 15 min is required to complete the interaction between RB and PAH molecules in the 1 bilayer LbL film. The dye (RB) was found to come off the film during the subsequent poly cation (PAH) deposition. As an alternative approach RB was anchored to the polycation PAH via physiadsorption and controlling the concentration of the combination of RB and PAH was used as polycation and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) as polyanion for film deposition. The absorption spectra after each deposition showed that there was no material loss during layer depositions via second method.

The attractive key-enabling nanotechnology manufacturing technique of atomic layer deposition (ALD) is well-known to deposit ultra-thin, uniform, conformal and pinhole-free nano-films on complex topography. Over the years it has been used to deposit ultra-thin films in a multitude of industry applications such as microelectronics, solar cells, superconductors, fuel cells, and water purification membranes, among other applications. This study investigates the ALD process effects in the fabrication of Al₂O₃ thin film over the substrate. The mass fraction coverage over the substrate and deposition rate contours in a Gemstar 6 ALD reactor are examined. The analysis technique illustrates the parameter behavior over a Cartesian coordinate sector in a three-dimensional illustration. The governing laws of the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, species, and kinetic chemical reactions are analyzed numerically by ANSYS Fluent and ChemkinPro. The deposition rate profiles correlated with previous experimental findings in the literature, producing an average growth rate of 1.3 Å/cycles.

A deposition process for coating concrete surface was presented in this study. This can be accomplished by feeding a weak direct current between the steel in a concrete and an electrode located in the external solution. The test was conducted using reinforced concrete prism specimens of 10 × 10 × 40 cm. Cracked specimens were immersed in an electrolyte magnesium acetate solution, and were applied with a constant current for 14 days. The results indicate that deposit materials are capable of coating the concrete surface and that this technique is effective for the improvement of the impermeability of concrete materials.