Narrow Results

A wide range of gravitational wave detectors is currently operating, and in a few years will reach a sensitivity enabling them to potentially detect sources tens of megaparsec away. In the next years, the instruments will be upgraded, giving birth to a new generation of improved, more sensitive detectors. Alternative techniques are also being explored which have the potential in a longer term of even better sensitivities. Such improvements are needed to turn a still elusive hunt for a first detection into a real gravitational-wave astronomy; it is the purpose of this talk to outline the path toward the design and realization of advanced detectors, and to discuss how they will be integrated into a global network.

The Crystal Ball spectrometer, with its nearly complete angular coverage, is an efficient detector of photon and neutron final states. While installed in the C6 beamline of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), this feature was used in a series of precise measurements of reactions with all-neutral final states. Here we concentrate on the analysis of data from the pion-induced reactions: π^-p → γn, π⁰n, ηn, and π⁰π⁰n.

The talks in the Program and the Conference parallel sessions make clear that high quality pixel vertex chambers are presently well developed and with continuing improvements (M. Caccia,¹ X. Sun,² M. Stanitzki,³ J. Qian⁴); that there are at least two major tracking chambers that are well studied, a TPC and silicon-strip chambers (H. Qi,${}^{5,6}$ C. Young,${}^{7,8}$ A. de Roeck${}^{9,10}$); that the energy measurement of photons and electrons is generally very good (H. Yang,${}^{11}$ S. Franchino${}^{12}$); and, that the last remaining detector that has not yet achieved the high precision required for good $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ physics is the hadronic calorimeter for the measurement of jets, most importantly, jets from the decays of $W$ and $Z$ to quarks (S. Lee,${}^{13,14}$ M. Cascella,${}^{15}$ A. de Roeck${}^{16}$). The relationship of the detectors to physics and the overall design of detectors was addressed and questioned (Y. Gao,${}^{17}$ M. Ruan,${}^{18}$ G. Tonelli,${}^{19}$ H. Zhu,${}^{20}$ M. Mangano,${}^{21}$ C. Quigg${}^{22}$) in addition to precision time measurements in detectors (C. Tully${}^{23}$).

Advancements in fast timing particle detectors have opened up new possibilities to design $4\pi$ collider detectors that fully reconstruct and separate event vertices and individual particles in the time domain. The applications of these techniques are considered for the physics at CEPC.

Almost all experimental apparatuses at existing colliders employ large muon systems located after all other subdetectors. Given the large size of most of the experimental detectors, the existing muon system has to cover areas of a few thousand square meters. It can be anticipated that future detectors at future colliders will be even larger in size. Therefore, for a practical reason of cost, the most suited detectors to realize these large muon systems are gas detectors. In particular, in recent years, Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (MPGDs) have enjoyed very interesting developments, providing several new types of detectors with very good spacial and time resolution, high-rate capability and high radiation tolerance. MPGDs also have the distinct advantage of being, at least for some detectors and some parts of them, mass produceable by industry, since they employ materials and manufacturing procedures that are extensively used for Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) production. A particularly innovative MPGD, the $\mu$RWell, is described as a possible candidate to build large muon systems for future colliders. The results obtained so far with this new technology are reported.