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The identification of influential nodes in complex networks is a hot topic among scholars. Classical methods commonly analyze single node information or static structures but seldom emphasize dynamic properties and the interactive influence of nodes. Here, we proposed an improved Dynamic-Sensitive centrality (IDS) method by considering the interactive influence of both the self and neighbor nodes. Based on six real aviation networks and the Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) spreading disease model, we simulated the actual spreading process within these networks. Relevant experiments were conducted through Kendall’s correlation coefficient, the imprecision function, and the complementary cumulative distribution function. The experimental results demonstrated that the IDS can more accurately identify the influential node and effectively differentiate the node influence in the network compared with other benchmark methods. Especially in the EU air-2 network, the IDS results in Kendall’s correlation coefficient are improved by 105% compared to the DS centrality.

Cloud computing’s simulation and modeling capabilities are crucial for big data analysis in smart grid power; they are the key to finding practical insights, making the grid resilient, and improving energy management. Due to issues with data scalability and real-time analytics, advanced methods are required to extract useful information from the massive, ever-changing datasets produced by smart grids. This research proposed a Dynamic Resource Cloud-based Processing Analytics (DRC-PA), which integrates cloud-based processing and analytics with dynamic resource allocation algorithms. Computational resources must be able to adjust the changing grid circumstances, and DRC-PA ensures that big data analysis can scale as well. The DRC-PA method has several potential uses, including power grid optimization, anomaly detection, demand response, and predictive maintenance. Hence the proposed technique enables smart grids to proactively adjust to changing conditions, boosting resilience and sustainability in the energy ecosystem. A thorough simulation analysis is carried out using realistic circumstances within smart grids to confirm the usefulness of the DRC-PA approach. The methodology is described in the intangible, showing how DRC-PA is more efficient than traditional methods because it is more accurate, scalable, and responsive in real-time. In addition to resolving existing issues, the suggested method changes the face of contemporary energy systems by paving the way for innovations in grid optimization, decision assistance, and energy management.

Smart materials are engineered to perceive and respond dynamically to external stimuli, enabling controlled and adaptive changes in their properties. These materials, including metals and smart composites, have found extensive applications across various industrial sectors. In the field of nanotechnology, “smart nanomaterials” are specifically designed to exhibit stimuli-responsive behavior, allowing precise modulation of their physicochemical properties in response to environmental triggers such as pH, temperature, light, magnetic fields and biomolecular interactions. This unique adaptability makes them highly promising for biomedical, environmental and technological applications. Nanomaterials inherently possess exceptional physicochemical attributes, including enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable plasmonic and quantum effects, superior molar extinction coefficients, and unique magnetic and optical properties, which contribute to their multifunctionality. Despite these advantages, the biomedical deployment of conventional nanomaterials remains challenging due to limited biocompatibility, poor photostability, suboptimal targeting efficiency, rapid renal clearance, potential off-target toxicity, inadequate cellular uptake and low systemic circulation retention. These limitations necessitate the development of next-generation smart nanomaterials with precisely regulated functionalities to overcome these constraints and optimize therapeutic efficacy. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the emergence of stimuli-responsive smart nanomaterials, which undergo significant and reversible modifications in their structural, chemical, or biological properties in response to subtle environmental perturbations. These innovations have enabled breakthroughs in targeted drug delivery, bioimaging, regenerative medicine and biosensing. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest developments in stimuli-sensitive smart nanomaterials, emphasizing their biomedical applications, potential advantages and existing challenges in clinical translation.

The dynamic profile of brain function has received much attention in recent years and is also a focus in the study of epilepsy. The present study aims to integrate the dynamics of temporal and spatial characteristics to provide comprehensive and novel understanding of epileptic dynamics. Resting state fMRI data were collected from eighty-three patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and 87 healthy controls (HC). Specifically, we explored the temporal and spatial variation of functional connectivity density (tvFCD and svFCD) in the whole brain. Using a sliding-window approach, for a given region, the standard variation of the FCD series was calculated as the tvFCD and the variation of voxel-wise spatial distribution was calculated as the svFCD. We found primary, high-level, and sub-cortical networks demonstrated distinct tvFCD and svFCD patterns in HC. In general, the high-level networks showed the highest variation, the subcortical and primary networks showed moderate variation, and the limbic system showed the lowest variation. Relative to HC, the patients with IGE showed weaken temporal and enhanced spatial variation in the default mode network and weaken temporospatial variation in the subcortical network. Besides, enhanced temporospatial variation in sensorimotor and high-level networks was also observed in patients. The hyper-synchronization of specific brain networks was inferred to be associated with the phenomenon responsible for the intrinsic propensity of generation and propagation of epileptic activities. The disrupted dynamic characteristics of sensorimotor and high-level networks might potentially contribute to the driven motion and cognition phenotypes in patients. In all, presently provided evidence from the temporospatial variation of functional interaction shed light on the dynamics underlying neuropathological profiles of epilepsy.

This paper is related to the dynamics of stellar structure under the influence of modified gravity (in particular $f(T)$ gravity, where T is associated with a torsion scalar). We contemplate non-static plane geometry equipped with fluid dissipation in the form of diffusion limit. The suitable variables to handle the analysis are explored. To comprehend the dynamics of the system, we acquire the dynamical equations with the aid of Bianchi identities. We calculate the Taub mass for our structure and develop the relations of mass in the form of collapsing velocity, derivative of proper radial, and time. The scalars to comprehend the evolution and structure are explored for non-static plane geometry. These scalars have a novel existence for this structure. We find that the homogeneous expansion and homologous ways of evolution interrelate with each other. We perform the investigation for two cases that is dissipative and non-dissipative. The nature of the fluid in the dissipative case is shear and geodesic. We calculate the variety of solutions in this case. The analysis is concluded by analyzing the stability of the vanishing $Y_{\mathrm{\text{TF}}}$ constraint.

By using a perturbation approach, we investigate dynamic effects on nonlinear alternating current (ac) responses in electrorheological (ER) fluids under an ac or a direct current electric field. We show that the dynamic effect due to a shear flow plays a significant role in the responses. Our results can be well interpreted in the dielectric dispersion spectral representation, and they offer a convenient method to determine the relaxation time and rotation velocity of ER particles by measuring the nonlinear ac responses.

This computational study focuses on the dynamics of individual ferrous particles and the flow of the incompressible Newtonian fluid under the effect of an externally applied magnetic field and pressure gradient in a two-dimensional micro channel with smooth walls. The particle dynamics is simulated as a discrete phase using MATLAB code and the fluid flow is solved as a continuous phase using Computational Fluid Dynamics Software FLUENT. Interaction between the particle and fluid phases are included as hydrodynamic forces predicated by the fluid phase simulation and updated particle locations determined by the particle phase solution under non-uniform magnetic field. Non-uniform magnetic field forces the particles to move to poles of the magnet, and results in their accumulation. This causes drastic change on the continuous phase flow and pressure distribution, which in turn influences the particle motion. Predicted dynamics of the suspended ferrous particles under magnetic field and flow of the carrier fluid with pressure gradient is in reasonably well agreement with previous work. The results show that non-uniform magnetic field generated by externally placed magnets can be used to control the locations of the particles and flow of the fluid in a micro channel.

In this research the influence of dynamic carbon monoxide heat treatment on Sr-hexaferrite has been investigated. Sr-hexaferrite is a hard magnetic material which under gaseous heat treatment, its phase composition and particles size and morphology change significantly. Due to these changings, the magnetic nature of the material changes from hard to soft. Strontium hexaferrite was prepared by conventional route with calcination of Sr-carbonat and hematite at 1100°C for 1 hour. Then Sr-hexaferrite was isothermally heat treated in carbon monoxide dynamic atmosphere at various temperatures and gas flows for different times. The rate of heating and cooling were 10°C/min. The optimum conditions was obtained at 850°C and 20cc/min flow for 0.5 hour. The effect of gaseous heat treatment on phase composition and particles size and morphology characterized by XRD and SEM. The results show the decomposition of Sr-hexaferrite and reduction of the resultant hematite mainly to iron. The crystallite size of the resultant powder was also measured below 50nm.

As non-traditional applications of hard disk drives (HDDs) emerge, the interest in the effects of shock and vibration on small form factor (SFF) drives has come into currency due to the increasingly hostile environments encountered in the usage of the portable computer as well as the application in consumer devices. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of an SFF drive were investigated using both experimental and numerical techniques, including modal analysis and damping measurement of the head arm assembly (HAA) of the drive. A finite element (FE) model of the HAA was created to perform numerical analysis. The FE model was verified and modified according to numerical results and experimental results. It is found that numerical results of the HAA in it free state and those in its preloading state coincide well with those of experiments, and/or those by other researchers.

The vertical tyre force is crucial to the study of the dynamics of a tractor semi-trailer. The paper presents an experimental method for determining the vertical tyre force by determining the vertical acceleration of the un-sprung mass and the vertical acceleration of the sprung mass when the tractor semi-trailer moves. The results of this study form the basis for determining the dynamic tyre force without the installing of sensors on road.

In this paper, we study a coupled system of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and the Maxwell–Bloch (MB) equation with nonzero boundary conditions by Riemann–Hilbert (RH) method. We obtain the formulae of the simple-pole and the multi-pole solutions via a matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP). The explicit form of the soliton solutions for the NLS-MB equations is obtained. The soliton interaction is also given. Furthermore, we show that the multi-pole solutions can be viewed as some proper limits of the soliton solutions with simple poles, and the multi-pole solutions constitute a novel analytical viewpoint in nonlinear complex phenomena. The advantage of this way is that it avoids solving the complex symmetric relations and repeatedly solving residue conditions.

Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) allows reconfiguration of some of the logic at runtime while the rest of the logic keeps operating. This feature allows the designers to build complex systems such as Software-Defined Radio (SDR) in a reasonable area. New issues can arise due to usage of DPR technique such as guaranteeing proper connections for the ports of the Reconfigurable Modules (RMs) which share the same Reconfigurable Region (RR) on the FPGA, waiting for running computations on a module before reconfiguring it, isolation of the reconfigurable modules during the reconfiguration process, and initialization of the reconfigurable module after the reconfiguration process is done. Also, the Clock Domain Crossing (CDC) verification of the dynamically reconfigurable systems is a complicated task due to the need to verify all the modes of the designs, and the lack of Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools support for DRS designs. This paper summarizes our previous work to address these verification challenges for DPR. The approaches are demonstrated on a SDR system to show the effectiveness of applying these approaches in the design cycle.

This paper presents a modified energy-efficient Dual Mode Transmission Gate Diffusion Input (DMTGDI) design and is termed as M-DMTGDI. A contention issue in dynamic mode operation of existing DMTGDI design and DMPL design is identified and illustrated through mathematical formulation and simulations. To resolve this concern, the pre-charge/pre-discharge transistor in existing DMTGDI design is replaced by dual mode inverter in the proposal. The functional verification and performance comparison of NAND, NOR, XOR gates and 1-bit full adder based on proposed M-DMTGDI is carried out using 90 nm BSIM4 model card for bulk CMOS using Symica DE tool. The performance of the circuits is evaluated in terms of power, delay and Power Delay Product (PDP) in both static and dynamic modes. The variation of PDP with the ratio of the time the circuit is designed to run in dynamic mode against static mode is also investigated to analyze the energy efficiency of the M-DMTGDI design. The proposed approach offers maximum PDP reduction of 33.52%, 99.39% and 96.61% for 2-input gates as compared to their footed DML, DMPL and DMTGDI counterparts, respectively. The reduction in PDP is quite significant in 1-bit full adder circuit where the corresponding values are 94.18%, 99.41% and 99.79%, respectively.

A new approach for nonlinear system identification based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models is presented. The premise structure and membership functions are optimized by the LOLIMOT (local linear model tree) algorithm, see [1]. This method is extended by a subset selection technique which automatically determines the structure of the local linear models in the rule consequents. This allows to select the significant input variables for static models and additionally the determination of the dynamic orders and dead times for dynamic models. The utilized subset selection technique is the orthogonal least-squares (OLS) algorithm. It exploits the linear regression structure of the problem and thus is very fast. The applicability of the proposed approach is illustrated by the identification of a transport delay process which has operating point dependent time constants and dead times.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been increasingly used in many industries due to its low frictional coefficient and excellent chemical inertness. The surface properties of PTFE are of importance in various applications. The surface properties of PTFE can be modified by different techniques. In this study, PTFE film was treated in oxygen plasma for improving surface wettability. The effects of plasma treatment on dynamic wetting behavior were characterized using Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic contact angle (DCA) measurements. SPM observations revealed the etching effect of the plasma treatment on the film. The introduction of hydrophilic groups by plasma treatment was detected by FTIR. The roughened and functionalized surface resulted in the change in both advancing and receding contact angles. Advancing and receding contact angles were significantly reduced, but the contact angle hysteresis was obviously increased after plasma treatment.

Efficient Light-Harvesting of Plants: Conversation with Professor Alexander Ruban.

Takeda Pharmaceuticals in the Emerging Markets.

Burden of Thrombosis-related Diseases in Asia-Pacific.

GE Healthcare's Cell Culture Media Facility in Singapore.

Waste Management in Singapore: Where Does Our Rubbish Go?

A dynamic normal formulation for differential games is introduced and the "pedestrian principle" is discussed as a means of dynamically implementing the equilibrium strategy in a single game. Our formulation emphasizes the distinction between a player's rational prediction and the actual evolution of the game dynamics. To model the free will of players, a randomized strategy is introduced which serves as the justification of mixed strategies and the bridge from a static analysis to a dynamic one. Existence of Nash equilibrium in the class of mixed strategies is proved for non-cooperative deterministic differential games.

A lattice-based broadcast encryption scheme is proposed for ad hoc networks in this paper. The proposed scheme is dynamical and anonymous simultaneously. The achievements of the dynamic and anonymity properties are efficient. In fact, the broadcaster can send the message to any receivers set without any added operations. The anonymity properties of the proposed scheme can protect the identity of an authorized receiver. Both dynamic and anonymity properties are important for broadcast encryption to used in many cases like wireless ad hoc network. The semantic security of the proposed scheme is proven in the standard model under the hardness of the learning with errors problem (LWE). Compared with known lattice-based broadcast encryption schemes, the proposed scheme shares some advantages with respect to the ciphtertext length and the message-ciphtertext expanse factor.

The main objective of this paper is to validate a finite-element (FE) modeling protocol to simulate thin-walled members for static and dynamic analyses. Arbitrary-shaped cross-sections, including open, closed, and multicellular sections can be efficiently modeled for further advanced study. The framework is thoroughly validated and verified using the existing analytical and closed-form solutions, as well as experimental results available in literature. This work is motivated by the higher accuracy of the shell FE-based modeling to capture the local and global complex behaviors of thin-walled members with asymmetric sections. Higher computational expenses, however, are required for such sophisticated shell finite element models (SFEM). Accordingly, a framework hosted in MATLAB and implementing the python scripting technique in ABAQUS, is developed, which includes eigen buckling, static nonlinear, modal frequency and dynamic time-history analyses. For a more modeling convenience, various parameters are incorporated such as imperfections, residual stresses, material definitions, element choice, meshing control, and boundary conditions. Several examples are provided to illustrate the application of the proposed framework, and to prove the robustness and accuracy of the generated FE models. This paper concludes with the efficiency of implementing SFEMs for simulating thin-walled members; thereby, establishing a more accurate and advanced structural analysis.

This paper develops a new homogenization method for free vibration problems of periodic composite plates. In this new method, three-dimensional (3D) periodic plates are equivalent to Reissner–Mindlin plates with both effective stiffnesses and effective inertia coefficients. The effective stiffnesses for the dynamic problems are the same as those for the static problems, and they can be achieved by the equivalence principle of macro- and microscopic internal virtual work. To fully take the inertia effects into account, the effective inertia coefficients including the effective translational, translational–rotational and rotational inertias are determined by the two-scale equivalence principle of kinetic energies under three rigid modes. In addition, cell size effects in the thickness direction of composite plates are investigated by using the proposed method and the asymptotic homogenization method (AHM). Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed equivalent method for different scale factors, and show that the rotational inertia cannot be ignored for out-of-plane deformations, especially for higher-order modes. Besides, numerical comparisons show that the cell size effects are not negligible when using the AHM to analyze the out-of-plane deformations, and three or more repeated unit cells in the thickness direction are required to ensure accuracy.