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Machining quality depends on numerous factors such as speed, feed rate, quality of the materials, the cutting fluids used and so on. The quality of machining components can also be improved by using appropriate cutting fluids. In this study, the three different types of eco-friendly cutting fluids based on coconut oil with nano boric acid particles were synthesized with nanoadditives and characterized during the lathe-turning operation of mild steel. The obtained results were compared between the dry/plain turning (without the cutting fluid) and the turning with the cutting fluids like coconut oil and mineral oil with nanoparticles. In industries, a wide variety of cutting fluids are used; however, most of these cutting fluids are made up of synthetic materials which may affect the environment significantly. Hence, it is essential to develop eco-friendly cutting fluids for environmental sustainability. Here, the cutting fluids were characterized by the morphological study on nanoparticles (400nm) and the machined surface using scanning electron microscope (SEM), viscosity test, flash and fire point, surface roughness on machined part, tool tip-workpiece interface temperature, cutting force and flank wear measurement. The results showed that cutting fluids with 0.5% of boric acid had better performance.

In the past decades, considerable efforts have been made for the development of energy-efficient and eco-friendly convective heat transfer and lubricating agents because of growing energy demands, precision manufacturing, miniaturization and sustainability issues. In this study, different concentrations of graphene–sunflower oil nanofluid were prepared and their thermal conductivity was experimentally investigated and compared with the correlations of similar researches found in the literature. The morphology of graphene nanoplatelets was appraised by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the thermal conductivity of nanofluid was enhanced with temperature and nanoparticles weight fraction. The nanoconvection at high temperatures, less meandering mobility of graphene nanoplatelets and high kinematic viscosity of graphene nanofluids at low temperatures were identified as the key factors for the thermal conductivity enhancement. Further, the concentration and temperature-dependent theoretical correlation were proposed for estimating the thermal conductivity of graphene nanofluids using backpropagation algorithm of artificial neural network (ANN) with the minimum margin of deviation.

The zinc oxide, silver particles and the nanocomposite Ag-ZnO were prepared in an easy, fast and environmentally friendly nanoscale method, where these nanomaterials were prepared from nitrates using plant leaf extract Albizia lebbeck, and this environmentally friendly method is safe, nontoxic and nonharmful to the environment, it is a system that is not only cost-effective, but also simple to use and efficient. The reduction reaction can regulate the features and qualities of the resultant chemicals. The researchers used a variety of methods to diagnose and investigate the properties of these nanomaterials, including scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed the formation of zinc oxide and silver in the form of nanoparticles with good properties, as well as the formation of the nanocomposite Ag-ZnO, and element analysis EDX, and infrared FT-IR, and the results showed the formation of zinc oxide and silver in the form of nanoparticles with good properties, and the results also showed the growth of Ag particles on the surface of the reduced zinc oxide and formation of nanocomposite Ag-ZnO. The photocatalytic degradation of Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3G-P (CB) dye in the presence of visible light was investigated using Ag-ZnO nanostructures as a photocatalyst. About 1g/L of Ag-ZnO with 20ppm of the dye produces a greater efficiency in the photocatalysis of the dye in its aqueous solution. The influence of the catalyst amount was explored within the quantities (0.2–0.4–0.6–0.8–1.0–1.2–1.4g/L) of the components affecting the photo-smashing process to evaluate the best weight which was 1(g). A photosynthesis ratio was calculated using HCL and NaOH to modify the pH of solutions at a concentration of 5ppm, $\mathrm{\text{pH}}=2$, 4, 6, 8 and 10. It was also discovered that the acidic function 10 was the best function for breaking down the dye with a 99.1% success rate, and that the shattering reaction followed the kinetics of the first order (Pseudo first), with five consecutive reuses of the best catalyst agents in breaking down the dye Ag-ZnO, was also investigated. After 120min, Ag doping ZnO with 10% loading showed photocatalytic elimination of about 93%. and the impact of Ag-ZnO nanocomposite on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria was investigated, which were utilized as illustrative examples of the cream-negative bacterium and the positive bacteria, respectively. The findings indicated that the Ag-ZnO nanocomposite had a high rate of success in eradicating and destroying these germs, demonstrating the viability of using a nanoscale solution to sanitize and eradicate microorganisms.

The industry is increasingly confronted with the necessity of solving the problems associated with the disposal of discarded goods. The impact that products have on the environment is becoming an important criterion in marketing products. In view of this, the technological process steps in production of electronic devices, their use and disposal have to be environmentally acceptable. The paper intends to describe the feasibility to build an environmentally friendly device by use of Polymer-Thick-Film-Technology (PTF) for printed components and tracks on silicone substrates.

The use of Polymer-Thick-Film-Technology (PTF) for tracks is eco-friendly because, in principle, the patterning should take place without endangering the environment through chemical treatment. The use of flexible inks on flexible silicone substrates without harmful flame-retarding chemical substances makes the whole circuit board especially eco-friendly and allows the building of a space-saving 3D package.

Another measure is the elimination of mounted components like resistors, coils and capacitors, because they consist of different parts and, consequently, several materials. A printing of these components is possible and well-known from Hybrid Electronics. Printed devices do not need a conventional mounting process and in polymer technology they consist of a resin which is filled with an active substance.

An eco-friendly microbe (lactobacillus sp.)-mediated synthesis of cadmium nanoparticles is reported. The synthesis is performed at room temperature. X-ray and transmission electron microscopy analyses are performed to ascertain the formation of Cd nanoparticles. Individual nanoparticles as well as a number of aggregates almost spherical in shape having a size of 40–60 nm are found.

Metal nanoparticles use a biocompatible, environmentally sustainable approach to be used as therapeutic nanomedicine. This study describes the use of rosaceous fruit peel waste extract (plum, kiwi, peach) as a tool for the synthesis of silicon nanoparticles. Visual color shift was used to identify biosynthesized SiO₂NPs at first. Some characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and SEM analysis, verified the existence of these metal nanoparticles. The presence of various functional groups from the extract secondary metabolites for nanoparticle synthesis is suggested by FT-IR spectroscopy. The existence of SiO₂ nanoparticles, whether crystalline or amorphous, is hypothesized using XRD. The formation of SiO₂ nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The zeta potential shows the nanoparticles stability. Different fruits peels produced different shapes and sizes of SiO₂NPs. Plum peels extract produced the smallest SiO₂NPs, followed by kiwi and peach as determined by SEM analysis. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also tested on all of the synthesized SiO₂NPs. Regardless of size; these nanoparticles have stronger antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. All SiO₂NPs’ antioxidant activity was measured in a size and dose-dependent manner. To summarize, the current environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of SiO₂NPs nanoparticles is a simple and economical process with good antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Population explosion, rapid industrialization, consumerism and technological advancement have led to manifold increase in the generation of solid wastes comprising both organic as well as inorganic solids in varying proportions. In absence of proper waste disposal system, these materials, especially, the non-biodegradable substances, such as plastics cause serious environmental problems. Plastics have the unique capability to be manufactured to meet very specific functional needs for consumers in both rural and urban areas, making it one of the most common household items worldwide. This has resulted in high content of plastics in solid wastes. The non-biodegradability of plastics causes disposal problems and environmental pollution. Stone dust generated from a large number of stone crushing units is also having a major disposal problem. This study discusses an eco-friendly method of disposal of plastic waste and stone dust by utilizing these materials in road construction. The results of the tests indicate that utilization of plastic wastes along with stone dust improves the quality of pavement and reduce disposal problems in an environment-friendly manner.