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The transport phenomenon in the presence of magnetic field has diverse application in living structures, biotechnology and chemical and environmental engineering. Biomedical applications include the examples of computational biology, replacement of tissue, drug delivery, advance medical imaging, repairing of bones, complex liver and heart surgeries and kidney transplant. Motivated by the applications of magnetic in human physiology, peristaltic transport of Carreau-hybrid nanomaterial through a curved channel is studied. The hybrid nanofluid is supported with silver $(\mathrm{\text{Ag}})$ and copper oxide $(\mathrm{\text{CuO}})$ nanoparticles subject to ethylene glycol $(\mathrm{\text{EG}})$-based liquid. The complex wavy nature of physiological duct inspired to model the problem in complex wavy channel. The basic governing laws are utilized for mathematical modeling and dimensionless variables are used for the dimensionless formulation. The simplified pattern of governing problem has been revealed to the assumptions of long wavelength as well as creeping flow constricts. The computations are obtained by implanting the Newton–Dirichlet Solve (ND) algorithm. Comparative thermal observations are predicted for nanofluid $(\mathrm{\text{Ag/EG)}}$ and hybrid nanofluid (Ag–CuO/EG). The different flow and heat transfer features are plotted against the several involved parameters are presented graphically.

The potential recovery effect by oculo-acupuncture (OA) on ethylene glycol-induced acute renal injury in dogs was investigated. Acute renal damage was induced by ingestion of ethylene glycol in six mongrel dogs. The dogs were assigned to control (three dogs) and experimental (three dogs) groups. The control group did not receive any treatment, while the experimental group was treated with oculo-acupuncture at kidney/urinary bladder region plus zhong jiao region of the eyes after the induction of renal damage. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), and potassium (K) were measured in both control and experimental groups. The blood RBC and Hb were also examined. The serum BUN and creatinine activities in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, the serum Na and Cl had the irregular change in both groups, and the blood Hb in the control and experimental group showed decreasing tendency. Significant differences were observed on the 3rd and 7th day in BUN, 7th day in creatinine, 2nd day in Na and Cl, and 7th day in Hb when compared to the control group. Whereas, serum K concentration and RBC in the experimental group did not change significantly. The recovery findings of the renal injury were also observed in the experimental group histopathologically.

In conclusion, OA therapy (kidney/urinary bladder region plus zhong jiao region) was effective for recovery of the renal injury induced by ethylene glycol in dogs.

This paper examines the impacts of a nonlinearly expanding sheet on velocity, heat and mass transport for a Suttery hybrid nanoliquid (mixture of Sutterby fluid and ${\mathrm{\text{Al}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ and $\mathrm{\text{Cu}})$. The zero-mass flux concentration and convective boundary conditions are considered. Nondimensionalization of governing equations may be achieved through similarity conversions. The governing equations are solved utilizing the Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method. Graphs and tables were used to document the effects of different variables. The numerical values for skin friction, Sherwood number and Nusselt number are provided in a table for diverse relevant factors. Comparisons were made to a previous study’s findings. The results obtained are in agreement with the findings of the prior study. The outcome is that the occurrence of hybrid nanoparticles (${\mathrm{\text{Al}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ and $\mathrm{\text{Cu}})$ in ethylene glycol liquid enhances its thermal conductivity thereby increasing the thermal boundary layer thickness. The presence of hybrid nanoparticles (${\mathrm{\text{Al}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ and $\mathrm{\text{Cu}})$ in ethylene glycol liquid also increases the momentum boundary layer thickness.

The ZnO-10, ZnO-20, ZnO-30, and ZnO-40 nanopetal-shaped samples were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The results of XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET indicate that the micro–nano petal-like samples have the advantages of high purity, good crystallinity, and large specific surface area. The ZnO-20 sample with the largest specific surface area and pore volume was prepared by adjusting the scheme without changing the sample morphology. The specific surface area and pore volume of the sample were 33.6914m²/g and 0.1561ml/g. The results of gas sensitivity test show that the sample has the highest response and super good gas sensitivity selectivity. At 250^∘C, the responses to 5ppm and 50ppm ethylene glycol can reach 14.4 and 293, respectively. Because of the excellent gas performance of ZnO nanosheets, this work can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of ultra-sensitive ethylene glycol gas sensors in the industry.

$\alpha$–$\beta$ titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is being used in diverse applications, such as aircraft, chemical, automotive, and biomedical industries due to its excellent attractive properties. But machining of titanium and its alloy is a tedious task through conventional material removal processes. Removing the material at the micro level to create micro-sized features like a hole, slot and intricate projection in the titanium alloy is more complicated. In this paper, micro-sized through-hole machining on the $\alpha$–$\beta$ titanium alloy has been performed using electrochemical micro-machining (EC$\mu$M) with nonaqueous ethylene glycol (CH₂OH)₂–sodium bromide (NaBr) electrolyte and the influence of machining parameters, such as electrolyte concentration (EC), machining voltage (MV), tool feed rate (TFR) and duty cycle (DC) during micro-hole machining on the $\alpha$–$\beta$ titanium alloy is analyzed. The material removal rate (MRR), radial overcut (ROC), conicity ($C$), and surface roughness (SR) of the micro-sized through hole have been ascertained and analyzed. The selected machining parameters are optimized using Taguchi based Grey relation analysis and DEAR methods.

In this paper, we report the first examples of amphiphilic metal(II) complexes of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-5,15-diazaporphyrinoids (M-TADAPs) containing triethylene glycol (TriEG) or tetraethylene glycol (TetEG) auxiliaries. A common dipyrrin precursor substituted with TriEG or TetEG groups underwent metal-templated cyclization with zinc(II), nickel(II), or copper(II) acetate to afford the corresponding TriEG- or TetEG-appended M-TADAPs (M = Zn, Ni, Cu) as air-stable 19$\pi$-electron radical cations. These 19$\pi$-electron M-TADAPs were reversibly interconvertible with 20$\pi$-electron antiaromatic M-TADAPs and 18$\pi$-electron aromatic M-TADAP dications by redox reactions. The newly prepared M-TADAPs were basically amphiphilic, but their water solubilities varied considerably depending on the charge of the diazaporphyrin (DAP) ring and the number of ethylene glycol units. The neutral 20$\pi$-electron M-TADAPs were poorly soluble in water, whereas the 18$\pi$-electron M-TADAP dications were soluble in water. Cyclic voltammetry of all M-TADAP derivatives revealed 20$\pi$/19$\pi$-electron and 19$\pi$/18$\pi$-electron redox couples in both CH₂Cl₂ and H₂O with appropriate electrolytes. The addition of M$\prime$X (M$\prime$ = Li, Na; X = Cl, OH) or HCl to aqueous solutions of the M-TADAPs highlighted their reactivities with anions and changes in pH. When treated with M$\prime$X in H₂O, the 19$\pi$-electron M-TADAP radical cations underwent anion exchange but the 18$\pi$-electron Zn-TADAP dications were reduced to the corresponding 19$\pi$-electron species. Upon treatment with HCl in H₂O, the 19$\pi$-electron M-TADAP radical cations underwent one-electron oxidation of the DAP ring, and the resulting 18$\pi$/19$\pi$-electron abundance ratio increased with decreasing solution pH.

Nanoparticles (NPs) with high uniformity have been extensively investigated for their excellent chemical stability. Near-monodisperse globular MoS₂ NPs were prepared with sulphur powders (SPs) as a sulphur source by a one-pot polyol-mediated process without surfactants, transfer agents and toxic agents at 170–190${}^{\circ }$C. The as-processed SPs greatly affected the formation of the MoS₂ NPs after low-activity sulphur (S₈)_n was reassembled from common SPs (S${}_8)$. The average size of MoS₂ NPs can be reduced remarkably from 100–200nm to 50nm by introducing low amounts of MnCl₂. A preliminary four-step growth mechanism based on the aggregation-coalescence model was also proposed. This green and simple method may be an alternative to the common hot-injection and heating-up methods for the preparation of monodisperse NPs, particularly transition metal dichalogenides.

The ability to control the shape, structure and faceting characteristics of bimetallic alloy nanocrystals (NCs) has been vital for designing a catalyst with excellent activity and durability in fuel cells. However, it has remained a significant challenge to synthesize platinum–copper (Pt–Cu) alloy NCs with controlled structure and exposed facets. Herein, Pt–Cu alloy NCs with different shapes, structures and facets were synthesized via a one-step direct chemical co-reduction method employing various glucose concentrations. The results showed that the prepared Pt–Cu alloy NCs exhibited very interesting facet-dependent electrocatalytic properties for ethylene glycol oxidation. In comparison with other prepared Pt–Cu alloy NCs and commercial Pt/C, Pt–Cu alloy NPs with (111)-dominant facets showed higher electrocatalytic activity and durability for ethylene glycol oxidation. Alloy NPs showing prominent electrocatalytic performance were attributed to the predominant (111) facets on NP surfaces serving as catalytic active sites, in addition to added Cu providing unique electronic and synergistic effects. The present work highlighted that these NPs with (111)-dominant facets were indeed promising candidates as electrocatalysts with excellent activity and superior durability.

Nanofluids are promising in solar harvesting and solar thermal utilization. Ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluids have the advantages of high boiling point and low volatility, and therefore are highly desired in some circumstances. In this study, the solar harvesting and solar thermal conversion properties of EG were significantly enhanced by carbon chain nanostructures (CCNSs). The prepared CCNSs/EG nanofluids showed greater optical absorption compared to EG in the wavelength range from 250nm to 1400nm. The solar weighted absorption factor (Am) of the CCNSs/EG nanofluids was 95.9% at the mass fraction of 0.05 wt.%. The enhancement was 649.2% compared to that of EG. The photothermal conversion efficiency was determined to be 97.7% and the enhancement of 83.0% was achieved. An enhancement of 1.2% in thermal conductivity was also been observed. These enhancements can be ascribed to the special architectures of the CCNSs that provide fast transfer path for the generated heat.

Optical immersion clearing is a technique that has been widely studied for more than two decades and that is used to originate a temporary transparency effect in biological tissues. If applied in cooperation with clinical methods it provides optimization of diagnosis and treatment procedures. This technique turns biological tissues more transparent through two main mechanisms — tissue dehydration and refractive index (RI) matching between tissue components. Such matching is obtained by partial replacement of interstitial water by a biocompatible agent that presents higher RI and it can be completely reversible by natural rehydration in vivo or by assisted rehydration in ex vivo tissues. Experimental data to characterize and discriminate between the two mechanisms and to find new ones are necessary. Using a simple method, based on collimated transmittance and thickness measurements made from muscle samples under treatment, we have estimated the diffusion properties of glucose, ethylene glycol (EG) and water that were used to perform such characterization and discrimination. Comparing these properties with data from literature that characterize their diffusion in water we have observed that muscle cell membrane permeability limits agent and water diffusion in the muscle. The same experimental data has allowed to calculate the optical clearing (OC) efficiency and make an interpretation of the internal changes that occurred in muscle during the treatments. The same methodology can now be used to perform similar studies with other agents and in other tissues in order to solve engineering problems at design of inexpensive and robust technologies for a considerable improvement of optical tomographic techniques with better contrast and in-depth imaging.

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on mixtures of tetrabutylammonium chloride-based deep eutectic solvent and two cosolvents — methanol and acetonitrile. Water, a highly polar protic solvent, strongly interacts with the DES components. Herein, we have chosen methanol, a protic solvent but less polar than water, and acetonitrile, an aprotic solvent, to investigate the structural modifications in DES and new interactions arising after the addition of cosolvent based on both polarity and the presence or absence of labile hydrogen. Of the two cosolvents, methanol is found to affect the interactions present in DES significantly. Strong hydrogen bond interaction occurs between the chloride anion and methanol, leading to changes in the behavior of the mixture at the microscopic level. The self-diffusivity of components of the DES increases with the addition of methanol and acetonitrile; however, the increase is relatively more significant in the latter due to fewer average numbers of H-bonds. The amplitudes of the peaks of the structure factor decrease with an increase in the cosolvent concentration, thereby confirming that cosolvent affects the long-range correlations.