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We study the classical motion of wiggly strings around a background straight infinitely thin cosmic wiggly string with an electric current along the symmetry axis. The solutions for the wiggly string exhibit open strings lying along the circular orbit.

In this paper, we investigate the trembling motion effect in the cosmic spacetime. The cosmic string was considered to be charged and carrying a magnetic flow. Zitterbewegung (ZB) is calculated based on the Dirac equation in the curved spacetime. An analytic expression for the electric current is obtained and analyzed.

The effect of passing electric current on the electrical and optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) films in air has been studied. Resistivities of the ITO films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering on glass substrates were about 10.5 × 10^-4Ωcm (group A) and 4.3 × 10^-4Ωcm (group B). A constant electric current i between 30 and 150 mA was applied to the films in air for 3 h. The results show that there is a critical current (i_cri) for each group sample. i_cri of group A is 60 mA and i_cri of group B is 90 mA. When i > i_cri, the electrical performance declines and optical transmittance increases for the electric annealed sample. However, both the electrical and optical performances may be improved for the annealed film when i ≤ i_cri. It is found that the variations in electrical and optical properties of the films strongly depend on the electric power applied to ITO films.

Modification of solidification structures by applying electric current has been the subject of interest in recent years. However, the exact relationships between the dendrite growth parameters and the current density are not yet clear. The dendrite tip geometry is an important growth parameter which can be characterized using the dendrite tip radius and the universal amplitude coefficient. In this paper, the dendrite tip shape was investigated in the absence and presence of an electric field using a transparent model material, i.e. the succinonitrile–acetone alloy. The results showed that both dendrite tip radius and universal amplitude coefficient increased by increasing the applied current density. The increase in the tip radius was attributed to the Joule heat produced at the solid–liquid interface which reduced the interface undercooling. The increase in the universal amplitude coefficient was postulated to be due to the changes in the distribution coefficient of the alloy system which would result in higher solute concentration in front of the solid–liquid interface. Owing to the increased universal amplitude coefficient, more prominent dendritic fins were observed at dendrites tips under electric current.

We consider the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations, in the presence of electric current and the absence of magnetic field. We first study one-dimensional equilibrium solutions on a semi-infinite domain, describing a layer of transition from the normal state at one edge to the fully superconducting state at infinity. We find that the normal conductivity has a significant effect on the maximal current that can pass through such a transition layer. The global stability of the purely superconducting state in a finite domain is also considered, assuming zero potential drop between the conducting surfaces.

The existing electromagnetism (EM) expects isolated elementary electric charges $+e$ or $-e$, and allows their clusters $q=\pm ne$. If such isolated charges were possible, a notable force should have worked between electrodes of batteries. However, we practically cannot detect a force between electrodes of adjacent two cells or those of a capacitor. This is critical and requests a drastic correction of key concepts in EM. According to our proposed energy circulation theory, the electric charge is the momentum in the hidden dimension of the 4D space. The electric force is a presentation of the fundamental force that works based on momentums. The elementary charge $-e$ of an electron is not a point charge but spreads even until its counter such as a proton. Plus and minus charges align alternately with the interval $2{\mu }_0$ same as the diameter of a quantum particle. The elementary charge e is not the minimum charge but the maximum charge. The force within a prolonged electric charge pair is same as that expected by the standard EM. However, the charges at the two ends are as small as about $10^{-4}e$, and hardly affect an electrostatic force with an outside charge. This is the reason why an electrostatic force does not work between an electrode of a cell and that of another cell. Here in this paper, we claim to express the electric current by the energy of electric polarization instead of the electric charge. As a unit of polarization energy, we newly define the polar charge, by which we express the electric current. We further define the magnetic charge as a momentum in space dimensions of a hidden–space-dimensional energy circulation. It is a vector charge in the 3D space while the electric charge is a scalar charge. We demonstrate how a rotation of magnetic charges is induced and derive the equation of magnetic charge density around the electric current.

Motor multi-parameter real-time data acquisition system composed by LABVIEW, data acquisition card, sensors, signal conditioning circuit, which realized three type parameters real-time data acquisition of vibration, electric current, temperature. Using ZRCD-21 speed sensors, LMK-0.66 current transformers, Pt100 platinum resistances measured of motor casing's vibrations, stator's phase currents, winding's temperatures of Y160M2-2 three-phase asynchronous motor. The three type parameters converted into standard voltage signals through corresponding signal conditioning circuits, which were transmitted the host computer by USB-DMP609 data acquisition card. LABVIEW virtual instrument displays signal changing curve, and saves the real-time data. The signals' time length was set by user itself. The data from the system can be used to analysis motor's related operation condition, which can also be used to research motor's fault diagnosis and health performance evaluation.