Machinery, Materials Science and Energy Engineering (ICMMSEE 2015)

The following sections are included:

• Preface — Applied Research in Materials Science, Mechanical and Energy Engineering
• Contents

This paper attempts to establish a new approach: based on computer graphics measure and finite element method, through one or more camera to obtain displacement of characteristic points on structures, then input these displacement data to corresponding finite element model, as the initial displacement of the finite element model, then get stress clouds of the structure by calculating.

Combined with a mapping technology of product function and a fuzzy clustering analysis method, fuzzy clustering analysis method is carried out on the products with function failure. The mapping technology of “whole machine functions-components function-parts function” is provided and mapping model is established. Through an analysis of fault characteristics of all parts functions, a fault characteristics index matrix of the products is built. Translation standard deviation and translation effect are used to normalized calculation for the characteristics index matrix. Fuzzy similar matrix is constructed by using a method of maximum minimum. Fuzzy transitive closure method is used to dynamic clustering analysis the products. Finally, nc rotary tables are analyzed and clustered to many types.

In this paper the electric drive armored vehicle simulation system is build based on distributed simulation technology. The simulation system is set to three parts- week real-time part, strong real-time part and strict real-time part according to the difference of simulation step size. In weak real-time part, driver operation and vehicle dynamic real-time simulation is connected by CAN bus; In strong real-time part, engine, generator and battery are modeled and simulated by two sets of RT-LAB software, and connected by FlexRay bus; In strict real-time part, motor model and inverter model are simulated in FPGA and DSP hardware, and connected by parallel data bus.. The simulation results shows that this simulation system has a good performance at the simulation of vehicle capability, electric drive system and part capability, as well as the real-time demand is needed.

Introduces an auto fuel oil heater measurement system is based on RS-485. The field system uses such screen system you can input personnel information, product number, setting all the parameters, Acquisition system takes the data of the heater into PLC. And it corrects temperature data by the least squares method. Running results prove that, by the feildbus to various information of staff and heater sent to the host computer for storage and processing, the system achieves the corresponding of the product and the staff, strengthening their responsibility, guaranteeing the rate of qualified products. The system has high value of popularization.

Within the sphere as the research object, analyzed the effects of different processing methods on the machining quality and machining efficiency: turning processing more for non-eccentric workpiece; using three axis end milling-tool machining surface quality is relatively poor, and unable to complete within the sphere area at the bottom of the processing; choose small diameter ball milling-tool than sphere diameter, then need more than one cut ring cutting machining, enough number of ring cut to ensure the surface roughness; selection the same diameter ball milling-tool as spherical diameter, machining efficiency is high, but if the spherical size is changed, need to prepare a variety of sizes of milling-tool, which increases the cost; processing inner spherical using five-axes NC machine tools can solve the above traditional processing technology shortcomings, and adopt end milling-tool tilt spindle method processing. With the application of CAD/CAM software UGNX8.5, five-axis NC programming and simulation processing for inner spherical were expounded, and the actual processing, processing quality to meet the accuracy requirements.

The thrust allocation of Dynamic Positioning system allocates the control force to thrusters by calculating thrust and angle of each thruster. The whole thrust optimization allocation goal is to minimize energy consumption of the propulsion system, taking account of the amplitude and rate saturation of thrusters, the rate of change of the angle of azimuth thrusters, prohibited area of thrust of thrusters and so on. Under extreme sea environment such as gust, the output value of control force is beyond the ability of thrusters. It is proposed to reduce all the generalized forces with the same percent. The reducing percent is obtained based on Multiobjective optimization method. Then augmented Lagrange method is adopted to solve general thrust optimization allocation. This approach reserves the desired generalized force direction. Simulation results show that the proposed thrust allocation scheme is applicable and reliable without specified requirements on storage of memory and the control performance is satisfied with the proposed thrust allocation scheme. There is more extensive application prospect.

Function reliability of nc rotary table is difficult to quantitative analysis. Aiming at the problem, this paper provided GO methodology to analysis the function system reliability of nc rotary table. Firstly, It analyzed the movement function of nc rotary table and explored the accomplished movement by which parts of movement. Then, a system frame of movement function realization of nc rotary table has been built up. Finally, based on the system frame and GO methodology, the paper established GO graph model of movement function realization of nc rotary table, and calculated normal probability of the function reliability of nc rotary table. The result shows that the GO methodology is simple and useful in the analysis of function reliability of nc rotary table. The method provide the base of established control system of function reliability.

The purpose of this study was to predict 10kV cable failures based on deficiency data, and provide data basis for maintenance adjustment. Deficiency Data Analysis (DTA) tree is built on history data. Then probability distribution of deficiency and failure data is constructed considering the family characteristics. Kullback-Leibler distance is used to analyze the correlation between deficiency and failure, which is used to predict failure based on monitoring and testing data. Shenzhen Nanshan power supply company adopted the algorithm analysis achievement, as a result, the cable failure number drop 18% comparing to last year. It is proved that this algorithm can be used to predict malfunctions of cables, then according maintenance could be carried out and enhance system reliability.

In order to take into account the interaction between mechanical parts and the mechanical system when optimizing complex mechanical products, a cosimulation based collaborative optimization method is presented, the presented method can achieve the topology optimization of mechanical parts and the mechanical system optimization simultaneously. A software framework is given as well, and the effectiveness is verified by an elaborated crank-connecting rod mechanism with a flexible connecting rod.

The water droplets motion and trapping in single-channel of corrugated plate gas-liquid separator is studied by using the commercial software, Fluent 14.5. The performance of two types of streamlined plates is evaluated by adjusting gas velocity and transverse pitch. The results show that high gas velocity and narrow transverse pitch is helpful to improve the efficiency but also with relative high pressure drop. The streamlined plates with hook have higher separation efficiency to the small droplets than the plates without hook. Final results of numerical analysis can guide the practical applications in industrial processes.

In order to study the influence factors and variation trend of workstation buffer cache size in virtual cell scheduling, on the basis of characteristic analysis of workstation buffer cache during workpiece processing, and considering the factors of interval requirement, velocity distribution of workpiece transportation section as well as transit lines network structure, the paper analyzes the coupling relationship when the workpiece entering the workstation buffer cache and leaving workstation buffer cache. On the basis of Pareto capacity envelope line of transportation field and manufacturing procedure transportation network model for enterprise that produces large and complex single-piece, the paper establishes virtual cell workstation buffer cache size network model by using blocking flow theory, as well as evaluates limit capacity of virtual cell workstation buffer cache through mathematical model. Meanwhile, this paper verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of actual production data at segmentation manufacturing phase of a dockyard.

Disruptive innovation is an effective process of product innovation, and the analysis of disruptive technological opportunities is an entry point of developing disruptive innovative products. Based on the fact that the sub-functions of a product get different degree of attention from customers or engineers, a construct of functional role is introduced and a classification is proposed. According to the definition and characteristics of new market disruptive innovation, functional roles of functions that a product has are adjusted, and an approach to identify some disruptive technological opportunities of mechanical products was proposed. Finally, air conditioner was taken for example, and the generation of disruptive innovative opportunities verifies the feasibility of the approach.

Bladeless fan is also called Air Multiplier. It has much more advantages over the traditional fans. It won't hurt the children's fingers for it has no blades and it is easy to clean up. Above all, the energy cost of bladeless fans is only one third of the traditional fans which is very important in our resource shortages days. At present, the competition in fans market is very sharp in our country because much more than enough fans to produce. Bladeless fans play an important role in the market competitions for its environmental protection, safety and energy saving. To satisfy diverse aesthetic demands of consumers, appearance design is the goal many companies pursue to. This paper introduces a new appearance design for bladeless fans. In this design, “circle or ring” is the main elements which meets the Chinese saying “YuanMan” and it is fluency and harmony in vision. Double bracing structure improves the stability. This design can provide continuous and stable wind as well as larger range of airflow covering. The market foreground of this new appearance design bladeless fan would be very widely for its nice looking, good performance and low energy cost.

In order to prolong the shelf-life of the minced fish products at room temperature, a novel combined sterilization method was proposed. Bacillus subtilis was chosen as the indicator bacteria, because it is one of the most heat-resistant bacteria probably exists in fish products. A self-made ohmic heating system was used to inactivate the indicator bacteria in the surimi firstly. After sterilized by ohmic heating system, the samples were vacuum-packed and put into an incubator at 35 °C for several hours to give the favorable growth condition to the remained spores of Bacillus subtilis. Then the second sterilization can proceed – heating them by boiling water for several minutes. Response Surface Design was used to determine the optimal sterilization parameters including: electric field intensity 40 V/cm, sterilization time of ohmic heating 5 min, culture time in an incubator 12 h, and heating time by boiling water 25 min. The results demonstrated that the minced fish products with high sensory quality and having 15 days the shelf-life at the room temperature can be obtained by using the proposed sterilization method.

Steering knuckle is one of the key parts of the automobile, which connects the front axle with the two front wheels and drives the front wheels rotating in the kingpins to steer the automobile. This kind of parts always bears variable impact load and is prone to be damaged when its fatigue strength limit is reached. To improve the surface quality, fatigue strength and eliminate residual stress, the final step of the traditional technology on the steering knuckle manufacturing is grind or to lapped to sizes usually. But the structure of this kind of parts is so complex sometimes that the parts are not easily positioned while grinding. That is to say that manufacturing the steering knuckle is timewasting and hard to sizes. This paper introduces a new technology named Hawking which is combined with CNC machine tool to manufacture the steering knuckle instead of grinding. The application of Hawking is not only operated easily but also can improve the steering knuckle's surface hardness, wear resistance and prolong the fatigue life which has solved the problem of high production cost and low efficiency in traditional process of manufacturing the automobile steer knuckles.

In order to solve the problems of servo press control system precision about large inertia and low precision, the controlling theory of fractional order PI^λD^μ and the digital realization of fractional order controller had been proposed, which based on the slide motion characteristics. The design flexibility, the system stability and controlling effect of traditional integer order PID controller can be improved with the application of the fractional order calculus of fractional order controller. The press position servo system model was established in Matlab/Simulink to verify the controlling effect of fractional order controllers. The simulation results show that the controlling effect of fractional order PI^λD^μ controller was better than traditional integer order PID controller.

Mix the related studies on underground mine rescue team equipment at home and abroad; analysis the various elements of transport equipment limitations and requirements of the man-machine-environment system after the mine accident. Against the problem for the mine rescue teams in the mine rescue process. Determine the mine rescue team equipment underground transport system conceptual design to produce a transport equipment to improve the efficiency of underground mine rescue.

Papers from the design orientation, functional design, human-computer interaction, technical principles, product placement and product modelling, six aspects of high-speed type exoskeleton carrying line man-machine system, are described in detail in the key design.

This paper introduces the monitoring of the gas oil lubrication system of aluminum foil mill based on WinCC and S7-300, mainly including the hardware composition, and the design of human machine interface of gas oil lubrication system. Since the running of this system, the loss has been reduced markedly. By the monitoring of human machine interface, the remote operating and real time monitoring may be realized better.

Flotation machine is widely used in mining enterprises, mainly for the separation of fine mineral. The characteristic analysis of the rotation rate, rotation rate and power, rotation rate and torque proves that the speed governing of flotation machine is very important for energy conservation. In this article, Siemens MM440 is used to realize the speed governing of flotation machine, and the parameter setting is done. Applying MM440 to mining flotation machine shows an excellent energy-saving effect.

The amphibious equipment is used in the marine environment, due to the improper operation, unexpected equipment failures, battle damage and other reasons may cause equipment sinking. In order to search quickly and locate accurately the sinking equipment, the underwater searching and positioning system for amphibious equipment is designed in this paper based on the ultra short baseline positioning method. It proved that the system performance, environmental adaptability and positioning accuracy and so on meet the actual requirements through the tests. These not only provided effective technical support for searching and locating the sinking equipment, but also had the significant economy and military benefits.

A method of CNC remanufacturing for machining tools has been introduced. The scheme of remanufacturing for a vertical lathe has been elaborated in detail. Including the replacement of electric spindle and electric tool rest, the selection of NC system, and achieving the semi-closed loop servo drive, etc. The scheme is proved to be feasible in the way of green evaluation from the technical and economic aspects, based on a general green evaluation method.

This paper mainly introduces a solution to Automatic labeling machine based on the machine vision and WebService technology. The system adopts PC+PLC control architecture. It obtains barcode information by WebService to print barcode, and completes the PCB feeding, barcode stripping, vacuum adsorption, servo positioning, barcode labeling and such actions. The system can recognize the barcode and character by machine vision technology, and then uploads data by the WebService, so then completes the whole automatic process.

The radicals of ·OH and ·H are generated as cavities collapse. The hydroxyl radical, having strong oxidizing property and depending on the cavitation intensity, can react with refractory organic compound molecule. Using the choking cavitator as a cavitation generator, the influences of hydroxyl radical production on the initial concentration of methylene blue (MB), equivalent diameter of back-pressure holes and reaction time were analyzed with a visible spectrophotometer. The experimental results showed that the highest hydroxyl radical was acquired when the equivalent diameter of back-pressure holes was 5.4mm and the initial concentration of MB was 12mg/L.

With the development of modern manufacturing, flexible tooling is an important field of the process improvement. Flexible fixture is an important part of flexible tooling. Computer controlled flexible fixture can adjust itself quickly to adapt to different positioning and clamping requirements with the control of industrial PC. And multi-point technology is a technology which is applied to 3-dimensioning surface manufacturing. The principle is to fix curved surface at many discrete points. Computer controlled flexible fixture based on multi-point technology is high efficient, reconfigurable and reusable. Compared with traditional fixture, it has several advantages such as saving the storage space, shortening the product development time, reducing the manufacture cost and so on. This kind of fixture had been used in the manufacture of airplane and engine components a lot overseas. But the price is quite high and the maintenance is inconvenience for local customers. This work investigated the critical technology of computer controlled flexible based on multi-point technology, described the system structure of hardware and software, and gave references to its development and spread.

With the other geometric parameters of a centrifugal pump fixed, five kinds of impellers with different blade thickness were designed under different conditions of the impeller blade thickness. Based on standard k-ε equation and SIMPLE algorithm, numerical simulation of pumps was carried out by using Fluent under six different operational conditions, respectively. The relationship between the blade thickness and the hydraulic performance of pump was analyzed from the external characteristics and internal flow field. The results have showed that when the blade thickness increased in a certain range of blade thickness, the best efficiency point of pump moved to the small flow direction and a little bigger efficiency was gained. Additionally, internal turbulence energy losses of pump were increasing gradually under the designed operational condition.

Aiming at the orbit optimization problem of soft-landing lunar lander, we select the Chang'e III as the research object. To ensure that the detector can accurately predetermine regions for lander to land on the moon softly and safely, and calculate the minimum fuel consumption, we design a landing track and control strategy. We take the fuel-time optimization as the objective function, and transform it into the problem of speed increment minimization problem by simplifying the main deceleration stage with a two-dimensional motion model and fuel-consumption model. In the coarse obstacle-avoiding phase and meticulous obstacle-avoiding phase, we determine the best landing points by using the least median square algorithm and the spiral scan algorithm respectively.

The absorption refrigeration device and the adsorbent refrigeration device are the usual cooling methods driven by the use of diesel-generator waste heat. In this paper, the discussion of the two methods is developed on the selection of system types, the utilization efficiency, the match methods of the cooling capacity, as well as the issues to be solved. Through calculation and comparison: it's found that absorption refrigeration device produces more cooling capacity from waste heat recovery, for which the waste heat of flue gas could be used directly, and double-effect unit could be adopted; for adsorbent refrigeration device, the cooling capacity is able to be improved by recovering the waste heat of cooling hot-water together with the waste heat of hot water which is converted from the waste heat of flue gas.

Based on the precise interpretation of 3D seismic data in the study area, it points out that Jiyang Depression with complex structures develops 4 kinds of structural systems of compressive, extensional, strike–slip and reversal structural systems. In this paper, it mainly researches on the types of compressive and overturned structural styles in Zhuangxi and Bogu 1 Well. It also studies anticlinal structural style of Chengdong. This study suggests that Indo-Chinese Movement in this area can be divided into two stages. The first stage occurred in the early- middle Triassic. During the clockwise revolution of the south part of the North China, the ancient Qinling Ocean got closed, which was between them; The second stage occurred in the late Triassic, it was when the North China and South China got collision, at the same time, the tip of Dabie Mountain wedged to the South China Plate, which caused the folds and the fractures in the cap of South China. It was when the Tanlu Fault Zone began to change from transform fault into inner continental shear zone. The stress in the two periods mentioned above, both produced the compression stress field in the depression, and the latter one caused the north-south compression in North China Block, which provided a driving force for the opening folds that were orientated to NWW or EW and thrust faults.

In order to improve the operation safety of large bus, an on-line monitoring method of rollover threshold based on the loads of tire was proposed. Analyzed the performance of the vehicle anti-rollover, the rollover threshold expression was given, and rollover threshold only related to centroid position. According to vehicle static and brake equilibrium equation, the relational model between the tire load and centroid position was built. The trucksim dynamic simulation software was used to verify the monitoring algorithm, and the maximum relative error of the estimate rollover threshold is 5.36%.

Reasonable data acquisition method and excellent data organization and management structure are fundamental guarantees for the reliable operation of the remote gantry crane monitoring system. In this paper, the architecture of gantry crane remote monitoring data flow is established, and acquisition of sorted data is analyzed. The data management structure of the remote crane monitoring system for large amount of data with multi users and multi equipments is established by using the E-R model, thus the robustness and maintainability of monitoring system are improved. Real-time database and CMS gateway are designed to ensure the data continuity during the disconnection-recovery of field wireless network. This study provides a basis for further fault diagnosis, performance prediction and none downtime intelligent maintenance of gantry cranes.

The paper proposes a reconfigurable space truss assembly robot of 6 degrees of freedom. It can change its degrees of freedom flexibly through assembling with other reconfigurable robots to accomplish the multi-target optimization on the basis of finishing the assembling of the large space truss structure. The PIK algorithm is used to realize different objections' optimization, such as avoiding the singular configurations of robots, minimizing the joint torque and avoiding obstacles and even suppressing vibration of the object operated by robots. The simulation has been done in Matlab/Simulink about the assembly part's translation following the planned route and it also realizes the vibration suppression of the large space truss structure. The result shows that the amplitude of the vibration can reduce to 5.56% and the assembly has sufficient accuracy. The reconfigurable robot and method can apply to the LSTS assembling task on-orbit to realize multi-objective optimization.

Starting with research on excavator using environment, analyze the morphological characteristics and the demand of function for excavators in the special application environment. Putting forward innovative design of excavator's body shape and the way of walking based on the urban construction environments, which provide a reference for special excavator design. At the same time, it is a good foundation for building the excavator characteristic statistic database with the basis of special application.

The techniques dedicated for the estimation of detect ability of gas cavity in industrial Computed Tomography was introduced in this paper. This paper represents the principle and recent approach of disc phantom method, and experiments were carried out using this method, then the approximate formula was generalized after theory analyses. At last, the result shows that the method is useful for the estimation of detect ability of gas cavity in industrial Computed Tomography image.

In a machine tool, thermal errors are a major part of quasistatic errors, comprising 70% of the total error. This paper proposes a strategy to build an error map of a machine tool by considering the optimization of temperature measuring point with thermal effects. A mathematics model is used to predict the thermal errors.The prediction model of layout optimization of machine tool spindle can be estimated well along the X, Y, Z three directions of thermal deformation.

The energy consumption of building accounts for a significant proportion in the total consumption of the world. The use of new materials may bring obvious energy-saving effect. In this paper, a mathematical model is constructed by economic method. This model can consider synthetically energy consumption of building and the cost of wall, and determine the criterion of selecting wall materials and wall thickness.

A new pattern electromagnetic brake (EMBr) device is proposed in this paper, which is with two longitudinal vertical magnetic poles near the narrow face of mold, and the coverage range of magnetic field is from the meniscus to the impinging point of jet flow. For researching the braking effect of the new device, a three-dimensional mathematical model is established and used to solve the distribution of magnetic field and fluid flow in mold by software ANSYS and FLUENT. The results show that a substantially uniform distribution of the static magnetic field can be formed in molten steel where is covered by magnetic poles. With the new pattern EMBr device, the impact strength of jet flow from the submerge entry nozzle (SEN) to the narrow face of mold is greatly reduced, the flow velocity in mold is decreased obviously, the flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy of free surface are all reduced and the vortex in lower recirculation is moved up. These are helpful to prevent some defects simultaneously such as steel leakage, entrapment of oxide inclusion engulfment of casting power at meniscus and bubbles on the solidified shell.

Microstructure of air quenched steel slag was observed and cement mortars based on the slag was prepared. The type of mineral phases in the slag remains unchanged with increasing time. Within 20 days, some small dicalcium silicate grains in the slag disappeared, and some dicalcium silicate grains grew larger and amalgamated together with neighboring grains. After 20 days, dicalcium silicate grains have no obvious changes. Size distribution of dicalcium silicate at different ages closely approaches a lognormal distribution and the curve shifts to the right with increasing time, indicating that grain size became larger. Compressive and bending strength of cement mortars based on air quenched steel slag at different ages decrease with increasing age of the slag within 20 days, which indicates that the hydraulic activity of air quenched steel slag decreases with time. After 20 days, the slag was stable and the hydraulic activity achieved to the lowest.

In order to improve the sinterability of MgO-CaO system materials. Use light burned dolomite, light burned magnesite as main raw materials, quartz and zirconium silicate as additives to made 2 groups of samples respectively: 1) Quartz is added to mixture including light burned magnesite and dolomite that wt.(MgO) is 65% to make wt.(SiO₂) is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% respectively; 2) zirconium silicate is added to mixture including light burned magnesite and dolomite that wt.(MgO) is 65% to make wt.(ZrSiO₄) is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% respectively. The samples formed sintered respectively in 1550°C, 1600°C, 1650°C, 1700°C for 2 hours to test samples' bulk density, open porosity and microstructure to investigate the effects of additives on the sintering property of magnesia calcium materials. The results showed that: SiO₂ had better not more than 5%; the samples are best when zirconium silicate is 15%.

The paper prepares Cu/Al composite sheets through the way of interface micro-alloying and cold-rolled composite. And it studies the peel strength, interface structures and the growth process of metal compounds by using such methods as SEM, XRD etc. The main research harvests are as follows ：(1) The interfacial peel strength of Cu/Al composite sheets reaches a maximum number at the conditions of 550°C, heat 1h; (2) Interfacial structures at the interface of Cu/Al composite sheets are CuAl2, Al5Cu6Mg2, CuAlCu9Al4 at the conditions of 500°C, heat 1h; (3) The growth process of metal compounds as follows: incubation period → local nucleation → new nucleation and growth along the interface → growth along the interface into pieces → growth along the direction perpendicular to the interface.

In this study, without changing the whole manufacturing process of T22 coiled tubes, high-temperature oxide films are formed through atmosphere adjustment by taking advantages of the cooling process after stress elimination heat treatment. The corrosion resistance of T22 heat-exchange tubes is improved, which are used in the steam generators (SG) of high-temperature gas cooled reactors (HTR). The surface microscopic morphology of the oxide films is observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the structure of these films is characterized using an X-ray diffractometer. The stability of the high-temperature oxide film forming process is investigated using TG-DTG, as well as the thermal expansion coefficient of the films. The results prove that: (1) The oxide film generated at 550 °C is uniform and dense; (2) The oxide films formed at various holding temperatures are mainly consisted by Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄. When the holding temperature is 550 °C, the content of Fe₃O₄ is the highest as 70.1%; (3) The films are stable when placed in inert atmosphere (N₂) below 900 °C, and there is not any change in the composition and structure of the films even after reacting with steam at 550 °C for 24 h; (4) The expansion coefficient of high-temperature oxide films is very close to that of the matrix of the heat exchange tube, and the difference between these two thermal expansion coefficients is 5.3×10⁻⁹ mm/°C.

The tourmaline undecylenate was prepared by means of the surface organic modification of tourmaline powder with 10-undecenoyl chloride, and the reactive conditions have been optimized with the parameters of turbidity and contact angle of product. Experimental results revealed that the modified tourmaline have a good hydrophobicity when the ratios of 10-undecenoyl chloride to tourmaline was 1.0 and reacted 1.0 h at 50°C in DMF, and structure analysis of modified tourmaline was shown that the hydroxyl of tourmaline surface reacted with 10-undecenoyl chloride to get the polymerizable tourmaline undecylenate, and the crystal configuration of tourmaline has no changed.

Water-soluble, ultrasmall, and superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were in-situ prepared using one-step coprecipitation method by using poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer templates. Photographs show that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles prepared at the Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺/PAMAM molar ratio no higher than 40/30/1 disperse stably in water, forming clear colloidal solutions. TEM images show Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have uniform size and good dispersity. The average diameter of particles is less than 8 nm. The HRTEM image indicates these Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are of high crystallinity, and their crystal structure belongs to cubic system. XRD patterns show these nanoparticles as prepared are Fe₃O₄ of reverse spinel phase. The hysteresis loops confirm the superparamagnetism of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, and the saturation magnetization reaches 48.6 emu/g. FTIR spectra show the strong interactions between Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle surfaces and PAMAM dendrimers. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles colloidal solutions prepared at the Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺/PAMAM molar ratio no higher than 20/15/1 keep on clarify and transparent after 6 months.

On the basis of risk management, this paper construct the product quality safety risk process control mechanism which include feed forward control phase, concurrent control phase and feedback control phase through the PDCA cycle control. For the new mechanism of the supervision of product quality and safety, the core is risk management, the focus is on quality and safety risk prevention. The new mechanism will promote the development of the product quality and safety management system and the management ability.

Nowadays, nanogap-nanopore devices have attracted widely concerns for its potential application in the third generation DNA sequencing. However, an effective universal method to fabricate nanogap-nanopore device is still needed to overcome the low efficiency problem in fabrication technology. In this paper, wafer-lever Au nanogap-nanopore was fabricated by NEMS technology successfully. Suspended sandwich structure (SiN-Au nanowire-SiO₂, 100nm/20nm/200nm thick) was demonstrated, which can isolate Au nanowire and salt solution effectively. Moreover, this thin nano structure made Au nanogap-nanopore milling much easier with the help of focused ion beam (FIB) in a controllable way. Since the whole manufacture process was achieved in wafer-lever, this method made Au nanogap-nanopore in DNA sequencing more convenient.

A porous ceramsite (PC) was prepared from municipal sludge (MS), flocculation sludge (FS), and quartz, with coal as the pore-forming agent. A single-factor uniform design method generated a regression equation, which contained 25 wt% MS, 33.3 wt% quartz, 16.7 wt% FS, and 25 wt% coal. The PC had water absorption of 57.2%, porosity of 60.89%, bulk density of 1.065 g/cm³, compressive strength of 1.8 MPa, acid resistance of 97.1%, and alkali resistance of 98.3%, it would be a very good water treatment carrier.

Along with the development of magnesium alloy and the gradual maturity of its foundry technique, as well as the demand of motorcycle wheels on damping and light weight, magnesium alloy motorcycle wheel is moving towards batch production from trial stage. Compared with other engineering materials, magnesium alloy has more advantages, and its advanced manufacturing process and CAD come into use in practical production gradually.

Melamine formaldehyde (MF) fiber was a kind of excellent flame retardant fibers which has a wide application prospect in the flame retardant fabric, thermal insulation and high temperature filter materials and other fields and so on. In this paper, we studied the compositions of Melamine formaldehyde (MF) - Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend solution in Dimethylformamide (DMF) dissolvent as well as its effect of electrospinning of MF-PAN-DMF blend fiber. The MF-PAN electrospun fiber membrane were also prepared, furthermore, the analysis and characterization of fibers were discussed as well. The results showed that: The Limit Oxygen Index (LOI) of MF-PAN polymer blends could be up to 27%; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that MF-PAN-DMF electro-spinning fibers has well continuity, uniformity and surface smoothness. In other words, adding the MF resin in PAN-DMF solution could achieved good effect of electrospinning; Infrared spectrum (IR) analysis obviously showed that, good adsorption of infrared light has appeared from two component blend fibers; Meanwhile, compare with original PAN fibers, lateral ordered degree of MF-PAN blend fibers has declined after blended showed in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern.

The first, second and third generation of dendritic hyperbranched polyester and dendritic hyperbranched maleate resin were synthesized and analyzed. FTIR and 1H-NMR determined the structures of the dendritic hyperbranched polyester and dendritic hyperbranched maleate resin. The viscosity and GPC measurements revealed that the polyesters held the lower viscosity and molecular weight distribution. The TGA and DSC measurements showed that the polyesters with the higher branched degree possessed better thermal stability and lower Tg. The dendritic hyperbranched maleate resins were used as prepolymer of UV coating, and the coating properties such as impact strength, adhesive strength, flexibility, hardness, the solvent resistances and gel content were contrasted. The results indicated that the coating of DHBP2-MA had better mechanical properties, solvent resistance and gel content. The dendritic hyperbranched maleate resin as a good macromolecule material would have an extensive foreground in UV coating system.

The growth process of micro-arc oxidation films on ZL109 cast Al-Si alloy was investigated and the relation between current density and arc voltage, arc time and the growth rate of the films was discussed. Additionally, the morphology, element distribution and phase components of the films of the ZL109 higher-silicon cast aluminium alloys were analyzed. Results indicated that in the oxidation process, arc voltage was a constant under the condition of varied current densities; moreover, when current density increased, arc time shortened, film thickness increased, and the growth rate of films first increased and then decreased. The oxidation film was mainly composed of mullite (3Al₂O₃ • 2SiO₂), α-Al₂O₃ and γ-Al₂O₃ phase, among which, the content of mullite was the highest.

Nanopore-based devices are emerging as unique technique for fast and high-resolution detection of DNA bases. Recently, the two-dimensional (2D) materials have been identified as promising materials for nanopore devices due to its high sensitivity and label-free sensing of DNA bases. It is really challenging to transfer nanoscale film structure onto target substrates to fabricate nanopore devices of 2D materials. Herein, we report a mild and efficient transfer method based on the mediator of poly-propylene carbonate and elastic stamp. Through this method, most of the 2D materials are able to be transferred onto fragile substrates without hurting the substrate. Experimental observation shows that fabricated nanostructures adhere to the surface of substrates closely free of wrinkles and bubbles. Moreover, this method enables the fabrication of multilayered structures of complimentary 2D materials and offers the potential method to fabricate functionalized devices.

In this paper, the laser short-pulse heating of a solid surface is considered. The time fractional heat conduction model is used as the constitutive heat diffusion model and the corresponding fractional heat conduction equation is built. Inverse Laplace transform is applied to obtained the analytical solution for the unit step pulse laser. The numerical results are presented graphically for various values of fractional order parameters. Fractional order parameter not only influence magnitude of temperature rising, but also the velocity of heat propagation. This research provides some new points for further studying laser heating or other non-Fourier heat conduction problems.

Using image analysis, density and porosity measurement, the microstructure of Mg-Al-Ca alloy prepared by squeeze casting under different pressures was investigated. The results show that increasing applied pressure decreases the thickness of the plate-like phase in the alloy, the fraction of second phase and the porosity level of the alloy, while increases the density.

In the paper, ZnO 3D branched structures were synthesized by atom layer deposition (ALD) and hydrothermal method based on InP porous strucures, which were fabricated by electrochemical etching. The structural and optical properties of the samples were investigated, after electrochemical etching, the emission at 940nm can be observed, which was caused by porous structure. In addition, due to the growth of ZnO nanowires, the crystal and the optical properties can be also improved. The gas sensing activities of the ZnO 3D branched structures were investigated. Compared to ZnO nanowires, this 3D branched structures exhibited higher gas sensing activity.

Si/TiO₂ core/shell nanowires arrays were fabricated using atomic layer deposition of TiO₂ shell on Si nanowires (SiNWs) arrays prepared by metal assisted electroless etching method. After deposition, the Si/TiO₂ nanowires arrays were annealed with different temperature. SEM image shows that annealing makes nanowires gathering on the sample surface. XRD curves indicate that annealing improved the crystalline quality and formed the TiO₂ with anatase phase. Compare to the substrate diffraction peak intensity, annealed at 500°C has strongest diffraction peak intensity. It is demonstrated that TiO₂ shell annealed at 500°C has the best crystalline quality.

The semiconductor material surface due to dangling bonds reasons, readily combine with oxygen in the air and easily be oxidized. These non-radiative recombination centers are formed in the surface states bring great impact on the electrical properties, optical properties of the photovoltaic device, particularly in the Micro-nano devices. In previous studies, sulfur passivation is a very effective method to remove surface states for semiconductor material, but rarely in the ternary alloy study. In this paper, we utilize the X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL) to analyze the properties of sulfur passivation of GaAsSb/GaSb by ammonium sulfide solution, and found that the PL peak intensity of the passivation samples are both higher than the untreated sample's. There is also conclusion that passivation time of 360s has a smoother surface than the 60s sample.

Well-crystallized SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) thin films with smooth surfaces (the root mean square roughness is about 4.550 nm over an area of 2×2 μm²) are fabricated on MgO (100) substrates by the pulsed laser deposition technique at 750 °C under the oxygen pressure of 30 Pa. The nonlinear optical properties of the films are studied by using a single beam z-scan with ns pulses at 532 nm. SBN thin films exhibit an excellent nonlinear optical response, with the real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility being 4.139×10⁻⁷ esu and 1.104×10⁻⁷ esu, respectively. These show that SBN ferroelectrics thin films have potential applications in nonlinear optics.

The formula for Jamesonite is Pb₄FeSb₆S₁₄ which can be written as 4PbS·FeS·3Sb₂S₃. This paper proposed a novel technology which extracted PbS and Sb₂S₃ from Jamesonite separately by vacuum distillation. The investigation was carried out in our laboratory at the temperature 1273K~1673K and the pressure less than 50 Pa. The saturated vapor pressure of PbS, Sb₂S₃ and FeS were calculated in this paper. The contents of Sb, Pb and Fe in the volatiles and residues were detected by chemical titration analysis and the enrichment ratios of Sb, Pb and Fe were calculated. We discussed the influence of the distillation temperature and holding time on the enrichment ratios of each element. The results of the XRD indicated that FeS left in the residues as the major compound, Sb existed in the form of Sb₂S₃ and Pb existed in the form of PbS in different graphite condensers.

The model of natural rubber (NR) was constructed using molecular dynamics simulation to study the effects of temperature on compression stress relaxation. The solubility parameter and cohesive energy density clearly proved the three-dimensional periodic molecular model does be able to reproduce bulk experimental data of the authentic material. The motion of the molecular chain in the wide temperature range of 273-418 K was described by various structural analysis parameters. The mean square radius of gyration, mean square displacement (MSD) and fractional free volume (FFV) were investigated, all of which increased with the temperature rising up. Compression stress relaxation experiment was also conducted under different temperatures. It was found that the stress relaxation coefficient decreased as the aging time and temperature increased. The results showed that experiment and simulation were in good consistent.

Corrosion studies on dissimilar metal joint by underwater welding are carried out in seawater by wire beam electrode method (WBE). Current and potential distributions show that the weld material and heat affected zone (HAZ) are cathodes and the base metal (BM) is anode during the first immersion. After a period of immersion in seawater, anodic current appears in the HAZ. The anodic current maintains till the end of the test. This result demonstrates that corrosion attack occurs predominantly at the HAZ after a long term immersion in seawater. The mechanism is discussed and IR drop in the rust is believed to be one of the main reasons.

Based on the Z-scan technology, the nonlinear absorption characteristics, the nonlinear refraction characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and ZnO nanoparticles ethanol solution have been studied under the nanosecond (ns) laser pulses and the picosecond (ps) laser pulses. The experimental results show that the third-order nonlinear effect of ZnO nanoparticles ethanol solution is stronger than that of ZnO nanoparticles DMF solution under the ns laser pulses, and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility coefficient of the ZnO nanoparticles DMF and the ethanol solution are |χ⁽³⁾| = 2.15 × 10⁻¹² esu, |χ⁽³⁾| = 8.12 × 10⁻¹² esu respectively. The third-order nonlinear effect of the ZnO nanoparticles ethanol solution is similar to the ZnO nanoparticles DMF solution under the ps laser pulses. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility coefficient of the ZnO nanoparticles DMF and the ethanol solution are |χ⁽³⁾| = 1.16 × 10⁻¹⁴ esu, |χ⁽³⁾| = 1.15 × 10⁻¹⁴ esu respectively and the optical nonlinearities of ZnO nanoparticles under the ns laser pulses are better than that of the ZnO nanoparticles under the ps laser pulses.

In this paper, a T shape macro-molecule was designed to improve the stiffness and wrinkle-resistant property of cotton fabric. In the finish process, the radical polymerization and condensation reaction step by step were introduced. The results show that the stiffness and wrinkle-resistant property of cotton fabric were improved efficiently and rapidly. The stiffness of finished cotton fabrics can reach from 0.13 to 2.67 N.m, the crease recovery angle from 147.9° to 226.2°. The whiteness improve a little. Scanning electric microscope shows the surface of modified cotton fabric has layer of material; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows the modified cotton fabric has amide compound; The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermal stability was improved a little.

In this paper, a monomer finish reagent synthesized by acrylic amide and glyoxal finished polyester cotton fabrics to improve the stiffness and wrinkle-resistant property. The results show that: the monomer finish reagent was very effective to improve the stiffness and crease recovery property; The breaking strength also improve a lot, the stiffness can improve from 0.05(N.m) to 1.15(N.m), the breaking strength of original polyester cotton fabric is 308.5N, after finished, the value can reach 362.5N, the crease recovery angle can improve from 209.2° to 260.2°. The whiteness improve a little. Analysis of FT-IR show there are amide compound on polyester cotton fabrics finished by finish reagent. The thermogravimetric analysis show that the thermal stability of polyester cotton fabrics have a little improvement.

In this paper, using the in-situ nano-indentation device (SPM/SEM hybrid system) to test the micro-mechanical properties of γ′ phase and eutectic γ′ phase which along <001> direction of directionally solidified nickel-base super-alloy. The hardness and modulus of the eutectic γ′ is higher than γ′ phase. For the specimen ST (without aging treatment), the elastic modulus and hardness of the γ′ phase respectively is 110.7GPa and 1.45GPa, the elastic modulus and hardness of the eutectic γ′ phase respectively is 171.2GPa and 3.98GPa; for the specimen W-1000 (aging 1000hours), the elastic modulus and hardness of the γ′ phase respectively is 105.4GPa and 1.35GPa, the elastic modulus and hardness of the eutectic γ′ phase respectively is 161.5GPa and 3.85GPa. After long-term high-temperature aging without loading, the change of the micro-mechanical properties of γ′ phase and eutectic γ′ phase which along <001> direction of directionally solidified nickel-base super-alloy is not apparent. Meanwhile the results of the FEM are in good agreement with the results of the experiments.

In-situ surface potential mapping are employed to investigate the interfacial interaction between VOPc molecular bilayers and HOPG surface. A small energy level offset of tens of millivolt is revealed only between the 1^st VOPc molecular bilayer and the HOPG, which indicates the existence of a short-range interaction between the 1^st bilayer and the HOPG surface. While the VOPc thin film is exposed to oxygen ambient, change of surface potential is observed. We show that the interfacial interaction is strongly altered by the doping effect from the ambient gases.

A new kind of high-efficiency composite oil phase material for emulsified heavy ANFO with good performances of kinematic viscosity, the stability and emulsion matrix fluidity, storage period, water resistance was successfully synthesized. The stability, density and detonation velocity of the new emulsified heavy ANFO were characterized. The result showed that the emulsified heavy ANFO with the density of 1.10-1.20 g·cm⁻³ has significantly improved the explosion properties with the detonation velocity of 5693.1-6168.8 m·s⁻¹. The natural storage period of the emulsified heavy ANFO was more than 3 months. The production cost has decreased 1200 yuan per tonne after the emulsified heavy ANFO was in use, comparing with the cost of using the imported explosive.

The turbulent model is very important factor which can influence the results in the calculation on the viscous flow of supercavitating vehicle. 3 kinds of turbulent models and 6 kinds of cavitation numbers were used to calculate the cavity length, the maximum section width and length width ratio of tailless torpedo model. The applicability of three turbulence models in the calculation on viscous supercavitating vehicle flow is studied. It is found that Stan k-ε model is not sensitive to the change of cavitation number in calculating the cavity length of supercavitating vehicle. When the cavitation number is close to 0.1 or 0.01, the results of numerical simulation and the results of Logvinovich empirical formula have good consistency. Moreover, with the cavitation number decreased, the cavitation cavitation maximum cross-sectional area and aspect ratio of numerical simulation of RNG k-ε model have the same trend with empirical formula, and both of them have good consistency. The cavity length of simulation results of Rea k-ε model are greatly influenced by the cavitation number. The difference in Rea k-ε model simulation results and empirical formula are relatively large.

An experimental investigation on the refrigeration process of a pressure wave refrigerator was conducted in order to determine the relevant factors affecting on the temperature distribution of the receiving tube. In the investigation, receiving tubes are divided into the long tubes and short tubes, while the relevant factors including expansion ratio ε, tube length l, pulsing frequency f and shock absorption factor, etc. The experimental results demonstrate there is obvious difference between the temperature distribution of the short and long tubes. But both of them would increase when turn up the expansion ratio and pulsing frequency. Adding the shock wave absorber would decrease the steady temperature of the receiving tube at least 100°C.

Aiming at investigating the insulation characteristics of CO₂, both power frequency withstands voltage and lightning impulse test were performed in the present work, at an ambient temperature and a certain relative humidity. Two types of electrodes, plate-plate and sphere-sphere, were selected while the gap of the electrodes and the gas pressure varied in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the insulation strength of CO₂ (with a purity of 99.99%) is improved with the increase of electrode gap and gas pressure, which is in good consistence with the variation tendency described in the classical breakdown theory. In power frequency withstand voltage test, the insulation characteristics of CO₂ is enhanced significantly when the gap pressure reaches 0.6 MPa. In lightning impulse test, the insulation characteristics of CO₂ at 0.5 and 0.6 MPa are almost identical with each other. In a uniform electric field, the polarity effect in lightning impulse tests is minor. Contrarily, the polarity effect is remarkable in a quasi-uniform electrode, specifically the breakdown voltage of reverse impulse is far less than it of forward impulse and their difference reduces with the decreasing gap. In a conclusion, when applied in a 110kV device, the pressure of insulating gas CO₂ should be not less than 0.6 MPa.

The non-stop shift of double power supply system for substation is a real-time and highly reliable power supply. The conventional automatic throw-in equipment of emergency power supply did not take overload cutoff of inlet wire automatic throw-in mode and load capability of every transformer in the low voltage into account, just to realize double power supply auto-activating switch function without any considering of overload cutoff. In order to achieve overload intelligent cutoff; on the basis of hardware device of conventional backup auto-activating switch device, the researcher made the necessary modification through revising the software logic and judgment to realize overload judgment and cutoff function, specifically introduced the application of WGB-673 Intelligent overload cutoff method in distribution substations.

A steam explosion equipment with double self-tight sealing structure was designed in this paper. A steam explosion equipment including a explosion tank and a buffer tank. Material of the steam explosion equipment is S30408. The saturated steam pressure of explosion tank and buffer tank is 1.45MPa and 0.4MPa, respectively. Thermal-structural coupling analysis on the steam explosion equipment based on ANSYS Workbench software, the distribution of stress is obtained, and the maximum stress is 163.98MPa. Thermal-structural coupling analysis on the elliptical head and the feed inlet cylinder connection regions, and get the curve of maximum stress varies with different chamfering. Considering the maximum stress and the manufacturing cost to determine the connection regions' chamfering is 20mm, and the maximum stress is 132.06MPa. Fatigue analysis on the steam explosion equipment with chamfering of 20mm, the permission cycle times of steam explosion equipment is 1.19 × 10⁵.

In this paper, we determine the weights of evaluation index system of the comprehensive competitiveness of coal mine projects based on coal joint venture with AHP method. On the basis, we evaluate the comprehensive competitiveness of coal mine projects by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. At the same time, we conduct the empirical analysis.

The highly reactive coke have a great influence on the iron making process. So there is an important significance to research highly reactive coke. Two aspects of effect about highly reactive coke on the iron making process were described. The research situation of highly reactive coke is summarized, which mainly includes the influence on coke when adding alkali, alkaline earth metals, transition metals. Then some representative compounds are chose to analyze the effect on the coke and iron making process.

Carbon market has attracted the attention from all over the world. This paper applies several statistical methods to analyze the price volatility properties of the Europe Union Emission Trade Scheme, and develops an integrated VEC-MVGARCH model to investigate the dynamic nonlinear relationships of EUA and CER markets under the EU-ETS. Empirical results indicate that both returns and volatilities are nonlinearly, asymmetrically and dynamically related. Returns of EUA and CER are cointegrated in the long run with deviations adjusted by their error correction mechanism. Significant effect of return spillover is detected and EUA plays the leading role in the short-run dynamics. Moreover, volatilities of EUA and CER are asymmetrically linked. Volatility spillover is detected and EUA reacts to new information first and transmits it to CER, leading the dynamics of market volatility. The findings of EUA and CER relations may help traders optimize carbon portfolio and manage climate risks.

Structural safety monitoring system uses an array of sensors to continuously monitor a structure to provide an early indication of problems such as damage to the structure from fatigue, corrosion or impact. The system is a large sensor network containing about two hundred nodes, each of which contains multiple sensors. So the sensor fault diagnosis is getting more and more important. A fuzzy-neural method is suggested in this paper. Based on the function equivalence between T-S fuzzy inference and RBF network, a kind of fuzzy neural controller based on RBF network with full-net structure is put forward. This paper proposes a real code GA to optimize all factors including scaling factors, membership functions and fuzzy rules. The RBF network with two inputs-one output model is used as fuzzy controller, the result of the simulation illustrates that the controller has good dynamic performance and strong robust.

Using cement to plug channeling as the conventional method is easy to pollute formation when the cement quality of oil well is bad or there is channeling between oil layer and water layer. In order to solve the problem of formation pollution fuzzy ball micro bubble temporary plugging technology is studied. Fuzzy ball micro bubble can't reverse rock wettability and can't stop fluids of reservoir flowing. The properties of rheology, static plugging and dynamic pollution were evaluated. The laboratory experiment proved that the fuzzy ball micro bubble has good inject ability and its viscosity decrease with shear rate. Under the temperature of 120 °C, back pressure of 0.5MPa and differential pressure of 5MPa, the leakage of fuzzy ball micro bubble was 0. Core permeability recovered ratio was up to 96.1% after pollution for 48 hours. The technology has been used on four wells in Jidong oilfield. The results of pilot test showed that the effect of decreasing produced water and increasing oil production was very obvious. The cumulative quantity of oil was 12435 t; the cumulative decreased quantity of water was 32496 cubic meters and the average water cut had decreased by 17.6%. The experimental evaluation and application effect indicates that the technology not only can reduce the operating risk but also has good plug channeling and layer protecting effect. After it is used on spot, the effect of increasing oil production and reducing aquifer yield is obvious and the period of validity is much longer.

Energy Island System (EIS) is a kind of high energy use and wide development prospect energy supply system that integrates cooling, heating and electricity generation with the energy being used step by step. HRSG is the main equipment to realize the heat reuse of gas turbine whose properties and parameters greatly affect the performance of other equipment and even the whole system. In this paper, the basic working principle of EIS and the working flow of HRSG were introduced, and a dynamic model of HRSG is established on the base of the law of conservation of mass, momentum, energy and so on. The structure and modules function of the simulation system was given after the comparison of the results of experiment and simulation system, and the simulation model proved reliable.

In order to get the best open angle of H76 type double disc check valves and proceed structure optimization, according to the working principle of the check valve, several groups different open angle calculation models are set up. Using Fluent software to conduct unsteady flow numerical simulation calculation for calculating models. Analyze and compare the change of flow coefficient and flow resistance coefficient curve and the distribution of velocity and pressure in the flow field. Results show that the best open angle of the check valve is 20° as well as at the guide structure and the valve clack top edge, structure optimization is needed to improve the performance of check valves. The results save the cost for check valves' design and shorten the development cycle and provide the reliable basis for the improvement of the structure of the valve.

Smoothing on the sedimentary model with SIS method based on MAPS can make the realization more close to geological acknowledge, what is more, reproducing space distribution and characterization of sedimentary facies model more accurately. In this paper, taking fluvial reservoir as an example, selecting the sand body volumes connected to wells and number of independent sand bodies as experiment target. 6 trials are designed to determine main factors and levels. At first, Fluvism algorithm is a better method to achieve a simulation of river sand body that have been choosed. Then condition information which is used for SIS simulation can be obtained with appropriate well space. At last, Petrel model software is used to simulate and calculate various testing programs. According to the variety of the experiment target during the experiment process, effect on sedimentary facies model controlled by smoothing process can be analysed and evaluated.

Incised valley is an important kind of depositional system in the Chepaizi area, west Junggar Basin. In this paper, incised valley depositional system and its prospect direction were obtained with the analysis of seismic reflection, depositional and logging characters. The results show that the Chepaizi uplift Jurassic developed four kinds of filling modes including vertical aggradation, side aggradation, disorder and compound mode and three kinds of distribution type including unitary type, multiple branch type and disorder type. The fault-lithological trap can be easily formed in the updip direction of the valley with the seal of thrown side of fault, which is the main trap type in the area. Incised valley system has been confirmed to have well hydrocarbon shows, yet no industrial output was gotten. The LST fan in the underwater zone of the incised valley system in the east and south margin of the Chepaizi uplift is the important prospect direction.

In order to achieve the accurate forecasting of dynamic gas emission in coal mining and heading working face, firstly, this paper utilizes grey model GM (1,1) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) to forecast the concentration of gas emission respectively based on the time series, and then a new combination forecasting model, ARIMA-GM, built by the method of variance reciprocal weighting is represented to forecast and analyze the concentration of gas emission, finally, the gas pre-warning is obtained according to forecasting results. An application example of forecasting in 10502 heading working face of Xin Xing coal mine is presented and its results show that the combination forecasting model of ARIMA and GM provides a better fitting effect and a higher forecasting accuracy, and which has certain general employing, in addition, its guiding significance to the safe mining and heading of coal mine are determined.

The Micro-grid Communication Management System with configurable multi-bus interface and multi-protocol processing ability is realized in this paper. It is based on PowerPC and freeRTOS which make its hardware platform and real-time operating system. It can realize the hierarchic processing both of upstream and downstream protocols, and build micro-grid high-speed communication data centre.

Applying Fick's Law theory, a new formula for calculating diffusion and dispersion coefficient of surfactant diffusing to crude oil phase was deduced and validated through experiments. Heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate being as studying object, experiment that putting the same volume crude oil and surfactant solution into a column vessel with plug and then measuring the surfactant concentration at different time till the concentration is constant were carried out. And the effects of both surfactant concentration and polymer on diffusion and dispersion coefficient of surfactant were also studied; further, distribution coefficient of the surfactant to crude oil and water phase was predicted.

The research status of home and abroad are introduced to detect coal ground fire area. The foundation is with electrical difference of surrounding rock and underground coal fire area, according to the transient electromagnetic method with strong ability, high resistance layer effect and small random disturbance, small affected by terrain features, application of transient electromagnetic method experimental detected at DaTong Wang Zhuang mine, and coupled with the measurement of radon gas, the rough area was delineated the ground fire. It is laid the foundation that the method of transient electromagnetic detect coal fire area for the next application.

Energy is an important material basis for the economic development and social progress. Whether the energy supplies could support the sustainable economic growth of a country in the future is becoming an important problem in the world. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a technique for decomposing a time series into a finite number of components referred to as intrinsic mode functions. This paper puts forward the EMD-GPM model integrating EMD and GPM for energy demand forecasting. In particular we use the increase of energy demand as the input of EMD. Different characteristics information of increase time series can be shown on different scales by EMD. Considering that grey system prediction model can reflect the general trends of change visually, and periodic extensional prediction model mainly reflects the periodic fluctuation, the grey-periodic extensional combinatorial model is adopted to predict the IMFs containing specific information. So, the EMD-GPM model considers both the development trends and periodic fluctuation of the energy demand.

This paper provides a framework of research for comprehensive estimation & evaluation of an offshore wind farm (OWF), as the basic for further research results including series of estimation indexes and model system to evaluate an OWF. The first objective of this research is to find out which indexes can be set up to describe the costs and profits of an OWF considering both economical and technical aspects. The second objective is to analyze the correlations of these indices according to a real project. The further research objective is to build a comprehensive model using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based method and to estimate & evaluate some OWF with the model. In this paper, focusing on the different phases and aspects of the OWF, we analyzed its construction, operation, maintaining, and the interaction of the researched farm with the integrated power system or the power load users when islanding power supplying. This work provides a scientific basis and guidance for further comprehensive estimation & evaluation of an OWF.

In view of the present common transmission line parameters online measurement methods having shortcomings of being unable to measure the self-admittance and mutual admittance, this paper presents a line parameters online measurement method based on transmission line equation. This method considers transmission line equation as the theoretical basis, building a symmetrical three-phase distributed parameter line model and using the synchronous data of both ends of transmission line to derive the parameter calculating formulas, the simulation result proves the correctness of this method, which provides a theoretical basis for the online measurement method of transmission lines.

Firstly, this paper analyze the concentration range of glycol which cooling water needed. Draw the glycol concentration should be controlled at least 11%, about 15% is most appropriate, the survey found that the concentration of glycol decline is uncontrollable. It is necessary to obtain concentration values in real time, more convenient for timely processing. Based on the above analysis, design and build the glycol concentration online monitoring system, and to verify the reliability of the entire system and found that the entire system is stable and reliable, eliminating the risk of equipment down which because of cooling water ice blocking.

Considering that the online measurements of transmission line parameters at present don't fit the asymmetric transmission line, this paper presents a new impedance parameters online measuring method. In this method, the synchronous measurement data of the terminal voltages and currents were tested and processed with the least square method. Then the asymmetric three-phase line parameter calculating formulas were derived based on the asymmetric three-phase transmission lines impedance parameters model. The simulation results verified the validity and accuracy of this method, which can be expected to be a theory basis for the on-line measurement of the transmission line parameters.

As the construction of smart grid, condition check of power equipment has been develop quickly. Actually, many problems had been appeared on field condition check of power equipment. This paper proposed one on line calibration system to measure the error data of CVT in substation. This measure method used the secondary single of tank-type PT as the reference standard to compare the output of CVT whiles all equipments of substations operation. By contrast the error data of delivery test and on line check it can be understand that the error data from on line calibration system meet theoretical trend of error data of CVT error curve. This result had been proved the correctness of the on line calibration system.

During the process of steel manufacturing, the sectional dimension would be detected to tell the quality of the steel. Nowadays the main detection method is by manual operation for machine. But the results of manual detection vary greatly according to the steel placement, operation process and subjectivity of the operators. Thus manual detection is wildly inaccurate. This paper introduces a new detection method applied on steel sectional dimension based on image processing. This method collects images of the steel cross-section, and converts images to binary ones. The edge feature points are extracted from the binarization images and steel sectional dimension would be detected by the maximum entropy method. The experimental results show that using this algorithm greatly improves the accuracy of detection and achieves satisfactory results.

To arrange the antennas onboard space tracking ship properly to avoid mutual interference, especially between those operating in the same frequency band, mutual coupling needs to be calculated. However, the complexity of conventional electromagnetic algorithm is intolerable and can't solve the problem efficiently. In this paper, a high-frequency asymptotic algorithm is adopted, party with time-domain finite element integration algorithm, to analyze the coupling between marine radar and tracking radar, both operating in S-band. Simulation result and test result show that, for large-scale antennas, the method proposed by us improves the efficiency significantly and computation error is less than 5 dB, which make it to be very applicable in engineering.

At present, the planting area of watermelon in our country is continuously expanding but the picking of watermelon is still completed by relying on traditional manual labor, which is time-consuming and inefficient. This paper designed a control system to automatically pick watermelon by relying on microprocessor and upper computer and adopting wireless transmission technique. Based on the real-time images of the watermelon collected by wireless camera, this system converted the three-dimensional coordinates of the watermelon into the control codes for controlling motor movement in the upper computer by binocular vision localization algorithm, and wirelessly transmit the control codes to the microprocessor, then the microprocessor gates each deceleration stepping motor in sequence and control them accordingly, by which the movement of the mechanical arm and the picking movement of the end effector can be accurately controlled. The experimental result showed that this system is accurate in control, good in operability and strong in practicability.

In view of the present common transmission line parameters online measurement methods having shortcomings of being unable to measure the asymmetric transmission line parameters of multi-circuit transmission lines on the same tower, this paper presents a new impedance parameters online measuring method for asymmetric transmission lines. This method considers multi-circuit transmission lines as a multi-conductor coupling transmission line system. According to multi-conductor coupling transmission line model, using the voltage and current signals of both ends of the transmission line by multiple synchronous measurements, the method establishes over determined equations to solve multi-conductor coupling transmission line impedance parameters and derives the calculation formulas of asymmetric multi-circuit transmission line impedance parameters based on the least square method. This method can not only calculate the self impedance and mutual impedance of multi-circuit transmission lines on same tower, but also the sequence impedance can be given. In addition, it solves the problem that line parameters cannot be measured under the strong interference signal with the traditional measurement method, and improves the accuracy of the measured line parameters. The simulation result proves the correctness of this method, which provides a theoretical basis for the online measurement method of multi-circuit transmission lines on the same tower.

This paper aims to design a household appliances remote control system by STC89C58RD+ and ENC28J60. The system realizes network communication between Single chip microcomputer (SCM) and IPv4 by simple TCP/IP; The SCM realizes simultaneous controlling of several appliances by infrared communication. The website is able to accept requests of several users; The network programming processes communication between corresponding SCM, so as to providing a program of multi-user remote controlling multiple appliances. The test on electric cooker shows that this program is able to remotely control the electric cooker through the Internet.

A kind of intelligent system is proposed aiming at the safety issue of hospital lab sheet drawing. The main controller is designed on the basis of the S3C6410 embedded controller with AMR11 kernel and in combination with bar code identification technology, and WinCE6.0 OS is customized on the S3C6410 embedded controller. In order to effective manage the bar code data, the SQlite embedded database is transplanted on the WinCE6.0 and a dialog box based sheet drawing program is developed. The ZigBee network is designed with the CC2530 wireless SCM as core. And the secondary development is performed on the basis of TI Company's ZStack protocol stack, with which the control program for box opening motor is designed. By testing, the mean packet loss ratio of the ZigBee network is 0.34%. In order to further ensure the reliability, the respond-type sending mode is adopted. In this mode, the ZigBee network's success rate of sending 10,000 commands is 100% and the effective control distance of the ZigBee network is up to 25m, so this system fully meets the practical using requirements.

Motor multi-parameter real-time data acquisition system composed by LABVIEW, data acquisition card, sensors, signal conditioning circuit, which realized three type parameters real-time data acquisition of vibration, electric current, temperature. Using ZRCD-21 speed sensors, LMK-0.66 current transformers, Pt100 platinum resistances measured of motor casing's vibrations, stator's phase currents, winding's temperatures of Y160M2-2 three-phase asynchronous motor. The three type parameters converted into standard voltage signals through corresponding signal conditioning circuits, which were transmitted the host computer by USB-DMP609 data acquisition card. LABVIEW virtual instrument displays signal changing curve, and saves the real-time data. The signals' time length was set by user itself. The data from the system can be used to analysis motor's related operation condition, which can also be used to research motor's fault diagnosis and health performance evaluation.

Identifying and mining outlier data is very important data analysis. Anomalies may result from disrupted or contaminated process, or conform to some rare but real situations. Applying outlier data mining in data analysis of tracking ships significantly enhances analysis and diagnose capabilities. This paper proposes a wavelet-analysis-based method after comparing outlier data mining methods. Wavelet multi-scale analysis and wavelet local analysis are applied to study the identification of outlier data. This method takes into account the noise suppressing and conserves local anomalies. It significantly enhances detection of outlier data.

There is an important significance for the design and the life time evaluation of the dry-type transformer based on the hot-spot temperature. At present the methods of obtaining the transformer's hot-spot temperature are as follows: direct measurement and numerical calculation. Direct measurement can obtain winding hot spot temperature through the optical fiber temperature sensor or thermocouple; The numerical calculation mostly uses the finite element or finite difference method, this paper establishes the inversed-heat transfer calculation model of high and low voltage windings. Using the high-precision infrared sensor to acquire the temperature of the high voltage winding. Through calculation the temperature distribution of the low voltage winding has been obtained and the hottest spot temperature of the windings is very closed to the result obtained by the IEEE model in a certain range. It provides a new method for the acquisition of the hottest spot temperature of the dry-type transformer.

To validate the feasibility of control scheme for in-wheel motor driving armored vehicle, this paper gives a closed-loop system of in-wheel motor driving armored vehicle including driver, integrated controller, motor driving system and vehicle dynamics system. In-wheel motor driving armored vehicle controlling model is build based on yaw torque control theory, and the control code is downloaded into the real controller, the in-wheel motor is build by RT-LAB as well as the vehicle dynamics is build in Vortex, and the real-time simulation system with driver and integrated controller is build by these four parts. Vehicle dynamics performance with real driver input is simulated based on this simulation system. The simulation results show that: the real controller's algorithm and software code are verified and the vehicle mobility is analyzed and evaluated rapidly based on this simulation system.

Extensible Markup Languages (XML) is a structured data model, which can easily realize the interactive operation data. This paper introduces the application of XML in real-time monitoring system for measurement and control equipment, and put forward that XML file as a transparent data source, is used for data storage and reading, realizes the real-time monitoring of ship-board working state of terminal equipment.

The article offers a kind of means to design soft slip ring based on laser communication, by analyzing the low frequency slip ring and combing the working, which utilizes data processing technique that including of using FPGA as the core chip, taking advantage of CRC code, 8B/10B code, photoelectric conversion and serial to parallel conversion and etc., the code rate is 100Mb/s and error rate is less than 10-9, to put forward a kind of new method for the signal transferring of measurement and control equipment.

This article design a universal wide band receive unit. Adopt wide band AGC amply technology or software radio technology based on FPGA & DSP and etc. To satisfy universal requirement of ship-borne TT&C equipment, adopt software configuration online technology based on CPCI bus to satisfy quickly switch working mode.

Capture misalignment envelope of an end-effector determines the capture capability of space robot. The analysis is based on capture principle and four criterions for successful capture. It includes single dimension variable analysis. It specifies that the grapple fixture translates or rotates in a single direction after initial alignment. As for the non-coherent rotation of the capture feature spaces in Yaw and Pitch, the capture finger plane is used to intersect the rotation trajectory of the interface plate hemline and limit the boundary point in the plane. With the analysis, the simulation is performed and the result demonstrates that the capture misalignment envelope of the end-effector satisfies the requirements and can secure the on-orbit capture of the space robot arm.

In order to optimize the extraction process of myrosinase, the pH, extraction temperature, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio on the myrosinase extraction effect have been researched by single factor and response surface experiments. Research shows that: The optimal extraction conditions was pH at 6.89, extraction temperature at 31.44 °C, extraction time at 1.52 h, and solid-liquid ratio at 1:15.73g/mL. Under the best condition, the predictive value of the specific activity on myrosinase was 1.999U/mg, the test value was 1.968U/mg, the error is 1.55%. Compared the effect of ammonium sulfate and ethanol, choose ethanols for precipitation, the dosage was 60%.

Sequential chemical extraction procedure was modified from Tessier process and demonstrates its application to sandstone uranium exploration. Use it to study uranium speciation with six different samples from in-situ leaching sandstone-type uranium deposits. The chemical speciation of uranium in samples was classified into six speciation: the exchangeable ion, carbonates bound, sulfide-organic matter speciation bound, amorphous Fe-Mn oxides bound, sparry Fe-Mn oxides bound and the residual state. Through the research, the uranium distribution characteristics were significantly different whether they were in different samples or in the same sample. Therefore, the research on chemical speciation of uranium deposit before the production is essential to reasonable evaluation of deposit and can guide the technology of in-situ leaching uranium deposit. It also can rich the mineralization mechanism of sandstone-type uranium deposit.