Narrow Results

In this paper, we introduce the interior-outer-set model for calculating a fuzzy risk represented by a possibility-probability distribution. The model involving combination calculus is very difficult to follow. In this paper, we transform it into a matrix algorithm. Although the algorithm is still difficult to follow, fortunately, it is easy to make a computer program for realizing. This algorithm consists of MOVING-subalgorithm and INDEX-subalgorithm. The former works out leaving and joining matrices. The latter is a combination algorithm to get index sets. An example is presented showing how a user can calculate a risk of strong earthquake with the algorithm.

The need to cope with complicated natural disaster system calls for a sophisticated way of analyzing it with the help of fuzzy methods. Therefore, four models are suggested succeedingly to represent a fuzzy probability distribution with a small sample. In this paper, we inspect the four models in detail and evaluate their performance on an emulation test.

Despite of great interest and numerous analysis assays the knowledge of pure mutation process is still scarce and insufficient. The aim of our investigation was to connect environmental conditions and some specific trends in substitutions patterns observed in different bacterial genomes. As a tool for genome large scale analysis, based on Borrelia burgdorferi B31 chromosomal and plasmid complete sequences and 13 others bacterial chromosomes complete sequences available at the NCBI FTP site, we used Markov chains. We assumed that pure mutational pressure could be considered as Markovian process hence substitution patterns could be described as a Markov chain transition matrix. We attempt to answer the question if its ergodic state reflects the nucleotide composition of the given sequences equilibrium state and if it could characterize the direction of mutational pressure specific for a particular genome.