Narrow Results

This study examines how providing peer information for evaluation of progressive firms changes individuals’ evaluations. From the large sample of two experimental surveys, it was found that providing peer information leads to a higher expectation of increasing stock prices and willingness to buy. The effect on willingness to buy is greater than the expected increase in stock prices. The effect on women is greater than on men. Individuals who prefer the environment (women’s empowerment) are more willing to buy pro-environment (gender-balanced) stocks when they have peer information. The effect of peer information is greater for individuals with warm-glow motivations.

Several effects of neonatal handling on brain and behavior have been reported. We investigated the effects of neonatal handling on behaviors that have been shown to be sexually dimorphic in rats using an open-field test. "Gender differences" were observed in locomotor activity, exploratory behavior and grooming in the handled group. However, clear gender differences in these behaviors were not observed in the non-handled group. Our findings show that brief daily handling sessions (~ 1 min) in the first 2 weeks of postnatal life increased locomotor activity and exploratory behavior, and that these effects were more pronounced in females. Moreover, many rats in the non-handling group exhibited an increase in defecation relative to the handling group during the 10-min observation period. This suggests that the non-handling group experienced more stress in response to the novel open-field arena, and that this resulted in the absence of gender differences. Notably, this anxiety-related response was attenuated by neonatal handling. Our study underscores the impact of brief neonatal handling on sexually dimorphic behaviors, and indicates that caution should be exercised in controlling for the effects of handling between experimental groups, particularly in neurotoxicological studies that evaluate gender differences.

Gender differences in emotional perception have been found in numerous psychological and psychophysiological studies. The conducting modalities in diverse characteristics of different sensory systems make it interesting to determine how cooperation and competition contribute to emotional experiences. We have previously estimated the bias from the match attributes of auditory and visual modalities and revealed specific brain activity frequency patterns related to a peaceful mood. In that multimodality experiment, we focused on how inner-quiet information is processed in the human brain, and found evidence of auditory domination from the theta-band activity. However, a simple quantitative description of these three frequency bands is lacking, and no studies have assessed the effects of peacefulness on the emotional state. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use magnetoencephalography to determine if gender differences exist (and when and where) in the frequency interactions underpinning the perception of peacefulness. This study provides evidence of auditory and visual domination in perceptual bias during multimodality processing of peaceful consciousness. The results of power ratio analyses suggest that the values of the theta/alpha ratio are associated with a modality as well as hemispheric asymmetries in the anterior-to-posterior direction, which shift from right to left with the auditory to visual stimulations in a peaceful mood. This means that the theta/alpha ratio might be useful for evaluating emotion. Moreover, the difference was found to be most pronounced for auditory domination and visual sensitivity in the female group.

The rapid development of mobile user interfaces for students’ websites and the constant utilization of such interfaces by students have witnessed a significant upsurge in growth. However, mobile service providers may lack valuable feedback on user satisfaction, particularly for Arabic users, because the sites are designed and implemented without students’ participation. This paper empirically investigates the user satisfaction of a mobile banner system for the University of Ha’il in Saudi Arabia. Users’ satisfaction was evaluated across six scales: overall reactions, screens, terminology and system information, learning, system capabilities, and technical manuals and online help. A quantitative research method was utilized, involving a questionnaire survey of 235 students. We found that female students have significant concerns about user satisfaction. The paper proposes theoretical and practical implications for future work.

This exploratory study identifies relationships between mathematics anxiety and test anxiety and analyses whether boys show greater mathematics anxiety and test anxiety than girls among 621 Secondary 2 students. Mathematics anxiety was measured using the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS) (Fennema & Sherman, 1978) which consisted of 12 items while Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) was adopted for assessing test anxiety. The results showed a relationship between mathematics anxiety and test anxiety with a correlation coefficient of 0.39. The girls had significantly higher mathematics anxiety than boys, but there was no evidence that the girls had higher test anxiety than boys.