Narrow Results

This paper proves, via an analytical approach, that 170 (out of 256) Boolean CA rules in a one-dimensional cellular automata (CA) are time-reversible in a generalized sense. The dynamics on each attractor of a time-reversible rule N is exactly mirrored, in both space and time, by its bilateral twin ruleN^†. In particular, all 69 period-1 rules, 17 (out of 25) period-2 rules, and 84 (out of 112) Bernoulli rules are time-reversible.

The remaining 86 CA rules are time-irreversible in the sense that N and N^† mirror their dynamics only in space, but not in time. In this case, each attractor of N defines a unique arrow of time.

A simple "time-reversal test" is given for testing whether an attractor of a CA rule is time-reversible or time-irreversible. For a time-reversible attractor of a CA rule N the past can be uniquely recovered from the future of N^†, and vice versa. This remarkable property provides 170 concrete examples of CA time machines where time travel can be routinely achieved by merely hopping from one attractor to its bilateral twin attractor, and vice versa. Moreover, the time-reversal property of some local rules can be programmed to mimic the matter–antimatter "annihilation" or "pair-production" phenomenon from high-energy physics, as well as to mimic the "contraction" or "expansion" scenarios associated with the Big Bang from cosmology.

Unlike the conventional laws of physics, which are based on a unique universe, most CA rules have multiple universes (i.e. attractors), each blessed with its own laws. Moreover, some CA rules are endowed with both time-reversible attractors and time-irreversible attractors.

Using an analytical approach, the time-τ return map of each Bernoulli στ-shift attractor of all 112 Bernoulli rules are shown to obey an ultra-compact formula in closed form, namely,.

or its inverse map.

These maps completely characterize the time-asymptotic (steady state) behavior of the nonlinear dynamics on the attractors. In-depth analysis of all but 18 global equivalence classes of CA rules have been derived, along with their basins of attraction, which characterize their transient regimes.

Above all, this paper provides a rigorous nonlinear dynamics foundation for a paradigm shift from an empirical-based approach à la Wolfram to an attractor-based analytical theory of cellular automata.

The article is about the gene that are responsible for eye disease. It touches on the gene as well as the disorders of the eye.

The article starts of with an overview of the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology. It describes the focus of the institution. There are two research articles after the summary. One of it touches on non-cytotoxic and photostable quantum dots for bioimaing applications and the other is on silica-coated nanocomposites of magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots.

Control of Reproduction in Mammals and Plants: Common Features Beyond Genes.

Improving the Nutritional Value of Crops by Genetic Modification: Problems and Opportunities Illustrated by Vitamin C.

Is Agricultural Biotechnology Worth the Risk?

AUSTRALIA – US$6.5 Bn for Australia Science and Innovation.

AUSTRALIA – Genes Linked to Vitamin D Involved in Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis.

AUSTRALIA – Scientists Find Weak Link in Malaria Portal.

CHINA – China Makes First Pig Stem Cells.

CHINA – Genetic Tests to Unravel Prodigies.

INDIA – India Can Become a Global Pharma Innovation Hub.

INDIA – Anti-diarrhea Vaccine in Development.

JAPAN – Inevitable Public Debate over GM Primates.

NEW ZEALAND – NZ Biotech Industry Continues to Thrive.

SINGAPORE – 'Simulation Model' for Disease Spread.

SINGAPORE – Singapore's Challenge: Sustain Environment Long-Term.

SINGAPORE – Water Industry Players Partnering Education Sector.

SINGAPORE – World-Wide Debut For 16 Inventions.

TAIWAN – New Treatment for Uterine Fibroids.

TAIWAN – Taiwan to Develop Methods to Test Melamine Tableware.

TAIWAN – New Research Expected to Help Develop Universal Flu Vaccine.

VIETNAM – Herbal Capsules to Treat Womb Ulcers.

OTHER REGIONS — US – Baxter Could Have Pandemic Flu Vaccine in July.

OTHER REGIONS — US – Will US Dominate Biotech?

Two Gene Loci Linked To Multiple Sclerosis Uncovered.

Mice with Extra Chromosome Region Show Many Autistic Signs.

Fatal Brain Infections Can Be Cured With Nanotechnology.

Will Plant-Based Diets Flourish?

Can Food Biotechnology Feed the World?

Bioinformatics Expert to Head CSIRO Entomology.

UQ Ecologist's Weed Work Honored in WiT Awards.

AUSTRALIA – Tissue Engineering Hopes for Mastectomy Patients.

AUSTRALIA – Special Repair Enzyme in Kangaroos May Cure Skin Cancer.

AUSTRALIA – World's First Transgenic Sweet Sorghum.

AUSTRALIA – New Test Finds Chink in Cancer's Armor.

AUSTRALIA – Major Advance in Human Antibody Therapy against Deadly Nipah Virus.

AUSTRALIA – Centre of Kinomics to Open "Pandora's box" of Drug Development.

CHINA – H1N1 Influenza Death Toll Triples in China.

CHINA – China Okays GMO Rice Strain.

CHINA – Largest-Ever Liver Proteins Database – Roadmap to Treatments for Hepatitis.

CHINA – Two Longevity Genes Found.

CHINA – China and WHO Set Up Influenza Research Center in Beijing.

INDIA – Knowledge-Based Biotech Park in Himachal Pradesh.

INDIA – 25 Years On, Bhopal Water Still Toxic.

INDIA – Stem Cell Business Booms in India.

SINGAPORE – Genetic Mapping on World's Largest Ethnic Population Yields Invaluable Information.

SINGAPORE – Breakthrough Method to Study 3D Whole Genome Mapping.

SINGAPORE – Cord Blood Proves Positive for Cerebral Palsy Treatment.

SINGAPORE – Singapore the First in Asia to Launch New Biologic Treatment for Psoriasis.

SINGAPORE – Dealing with Climate Change at the 2010 World Cities Summit in Singapore.

SINGAPORE – Greater Cooperation on TCM Between Singapore and China.

TAIWAN – Patterns in Dengue Fever Outbreaks Identified.

TAIWAN – Taiwan and Canada Collaborate to Develop Asian Pneumonia Vaccine.

TAIWAN – New Nano-drug to Cure Cancer Patients.

TAIWAN – First Plant Medicine Center Operational in Taiwan.

OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Treat HIV Patients Sooner.

OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Studies Show Cancer Can be Passed on in the Womb.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Enzyme May Hold Key to Long Life.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – United States Okays New Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines for Research.

Besides Fighting Free Radicals, Catechin in Green Tea Combats H1N1 Flu Virus.

Scientists Identify 7 Genes Linked with Leprosy.

Rapid Cardiac Biomarker Testing System Developed By Singapore Scientists.

New Genes for Lung Disease Discovered.

AUSTRALIA – Australia: Top 20 Cancer Drug Sales to Hit US$1B by 2018.

AUSTRALIA – Effective Prostate Cancer Treatment Discovery.

AUSTRALIA – Australia Developing World First Treatment for Leukemia.

AUSTRALIA – African DNA Breakthrough.

AUSTRALIA – Genetic Link Between Mammographic Density and Breast Cancer.

AUSTRALIA – Arthritis Genes Discovered By University Of Queensland Scientists, Australia.

AUSTRALIA – Australian First for Melbourne Stem Cell Scientists.

BANGLADESH – Bangladesh Slaughters 117,000 Birds on Flu Fears.

CHINA – Quintiles Launches New Tissue Testing Services In China To Help In Fight Against Cancer.

CHINA – Tainted Milk Scandal Resurfaces in China.

INDIA – Hyderabad - Hot Destination for Medical Tourism.

INDIA – New Genetic Control Tools to Combat Dengue and Chikungunya.

JAPAN – Japan Commits $2 Million to Boost Immunization In Haiti, Bringing Post-Quake Total For UNICEF To $8.5 Million.

SINGAPORE – Taxes on Life Sciences Firms Likely to Rise: PwC.

SINGAPORE – New National Centre for Treatment of Cancer Opens at NUH.

SINGAPORE – Singapore Buys 1m Bird Flu Vaccine Doses.

SINGAPORE – IME Develops All-in-One Diagnostic Test for Point-of-Care Deployment.

SINGAPORE – A*STAR Science and Technology Festival 2010 Showcases Latest Products and Technologies from Life Science Vendor Companies in Singapore.

SINGAPORE – US Tech Firm FormFactor Opens $30m Facility in Singapore.

THAILAND – Thai Researchers Produce Omega 3 from Microbes.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Looking Younger is in the Genes.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Study Links Sugary Soft Drinks to Pancreas Cancer.

Scientists make Groundbreaking Discovery of Genes that Increase the Likelihood of causing a form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Breakthrough by Singapore Scientists to Pave the Way for Greener, Highly Efficient Production of Nanocrystals for Biomedical and Life Science Sectors.

Applications for 3D image displays and biomedicine.

Scientists Discover Gene that Improves the Quality of Reprogrammed Stem Cells.

The Proteins That Help Plants Keep Time.

Algae Architects.

Sponge Gives Up Nano Secrets.

Biomimicry for Bones.

How do People and Researchers Look to Chinese Herbal Medicine?

Agilent 1200 Infinity Series.

GIS Scientists Identify Important Genetic Variants that Confer Susceptibility to Meningococcal Disease.

Singapore Scientists' Genome Wide Association Study on Large Multi-ethnic Groups will Advance Coronary Artery Disease Treatment.

Taiwanese Researchers Find Breakthrough in Stem Cell Study.

AUSTRALIA – Australian Scientists Make Breakthrough on HIV's Infectious Grip.

AUSTRALIA – Australian Researchers Developing New Dengue Vaccine.

AUSTRALIA – Heart Attack Genes Discovered.

AUSTRALIA – Australian Researchers Find Blindness Genes.

AUSTRALIA – Innovative Spinal Surgery Performed at Austin Health.

AUSTRALIA – Future Risks for Child Cancer Survivors Seven Times Higher.

AUSTRALIA – Triggers Found on Asthma Risk.

AUSTRALIA – One-dose Malaria Killer Drug.

BANGLADESH – 589 People Confirmed to be infected by Anthrax in Bangladesh.

CHINA – Banned Chemical Found in China Cosmetics.

CHINA – China PharmaHub Corp. Introduces A 'Magic Bullet' Liver Cancer Therapy.

INDIA – BARC Develops Radionuclides for Inoperable Cancers, Arthritis.

INDIA – Vaccine Makers to Lobby for Higher Immunization Coverage.

SINGAPORE – Singapore and Seattle Eye Banks Collaborate to Increase World Supply of Tissue for Sight-Restoring Corneal Transplants.

SINGAPORE – Doctors Discover Tamiflu-Resistant H1N1 Superbug.

SINGAPORE – P&G Partners A*STAR to Strengthen R&D Presence in Singapore.

SINGAPORE – NCCS-led Study Helps Doctors to Better Identify Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Patients.

OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Gene Therapy Success for Anemia Patient.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Researchers Find Genes Linked to Ovarian Cancer.

The Benefits of Perforin Revealed.

Singapore Scientists First to Perform the Largest Genome-wide Association Study on Central Corneal Thickness.

Molecular Simulations Confirm Role of Functional Rotation in Multidrug Resistance.

AUSTRALIA – Australia's First Adult Stem Cells from Skin.

AUSTRALIA – Defective Gene Defies Colorectal Cancer Treatment.

CHINA – Cosmetic Surgery Boom in China.

CHINA – Hong Kong Researchers Generate New Human Stem Cells.

INDIA – Bihari Villagers Generate 'Green' Electricity.

INDIA – Mystery Killer Virus Identified in Ahmedabad.

JAPAN – Japan Facing Avian Flu Pandemic, 4th Farm Tests Positive for Virus.

JAPAN – Japan to Test New Cancer Therapy.

NEW ZEALAND – Milk Can be Used to Fight Cancer.

SINGAPORE – SATA CommHealth and Ngee Ann Poly Develop TB Detection Software.

SINGAPORE – Increased Demand for Aesthetic Treatments.

SINGAPORE – Cancer of the Womb on the Rise.

SINGAPORE – Rare Disease Reported in Singapore.

EUROPE – New Test for Genetic Mutations to be Offered to Parents.

EUROPE – FDA Revokes Recommendation for Breast Cancer Drug Avastin.

First Genome Map of Rare, TCM Herb.

Gene Therapy Could Improve Parkinson's Disease.

Some Blind People 'See' With Ears.

Egg Woos Sperm with Hormone.

African Savanna Influenced Eye Evolution.

Lethal Red Tape.

World's First Practical Artificial Leaf.

Powerful Cell Motor Revealed in DNA Repair Complex.

Walnuts Are Top for Heart-Healthy Antioxidants.

Large Regional Changes in China, India Farmland Area Predicted.

Immune Therapy Could Control Fertility in Mammals - and Possibly Humans.

Taiwan Genetic Screening Prevents Severe Adverse Drug Reactions.

Bacteria Acts Like Toothbrush.

Trigger for Tumour Protein Discovered.

GIS Scientists Propose a New Paradigm For Embryonic Stem Cells.

HCG Hormone Therapy may Benefit Patients with Intractable Pain.

AUSTRALIA – Asian Mushrooms Could Help Fight Prostate Cancer

AUSTRALIA – New Lung Cancer Treatment Discovered

AUSTRALIA – Gene Behind Rare Brain Disorder Identified

CHINA – China Bans Controversial Drug for Kids Below 12

INDIA – Ovarian Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy

INDIA – Gene Card Tells What Drugs to Avoid

INDIA – IISc, Deakin Join Hands to Fight Cancer with Nanotechnology

INDIA – Indian Govt to Introduce First Five-in-One Vaccine

SINGAPORE – New Test for Pain Tolerence

SINGAPORE – NUS Best University for Medicine in Asia

OTHER REGIONS — Implant Breakthrough Helps Paraplegic Man Stand Unaided

OTHER REGIONS — Scientists Discover Protein that can Halt Spread of Breast Cancer