Narrow Results

In this paper, mosaic tiles have been used to build knots and define invariants since they were introduced by Lomonaco and Kauffman to describe quantum knots. In this paper, we propose a modified set of tiles to describe the front projections of Legendrian knots. We explore the effect of stabilization on the mosaic number of a Legendrian knot by defining and classifying “two-cell” stabilizations. Inspired by a construction of Ludwig et al. in 2013, we provide an infinite family of Legendrian unknots whose mosaic numbers are realized only in non-reduced projections. Finally, we provide a census of known mosaic numbers for Legendrian unknots and trefoils.

Let $\alpha$ be a map from the set of all knot types ${𝒦}$ to a set $X$. Let $\beta$ be a map from ${𝒦}$ to a set $Y$. We define the relation between $\alpha$ and $\beta$ to be the image of a map $(\alpha ,\beta )$ from ${𝒦}$ to $X\times Y$ sending an element $K$ of ${𝒦}$ to $(\alpha (K),\beta (K))$. We determine the relations between $\alpha$ and $\beta$ for certain $\alpha$ and $\beta$ such as crossing number, unknotting number, bridge number, braid index, genus and canonical genus. This is a study of geography problem in knot theory.

Grand Challenges in Biodiversity Informatics.

Using Biodiversity Information Effectively.

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) are applied in many project approval procedures, and many experts from various disciplines are engaged in this, among them environmental consultants and geography graduates. In this paper, teaching on EIA in German geography programmes is analysed and evaluated with respect to the demands of the working practice. The results are used to advice on further environmental assessment related teaching programmes. The analysis reveals the small number of geography programmes teaching EIA at universities, a large breadth of teaching, and discrepancies between teaching and actual demands from the profession. Agreement between teaching and working practice exists only in some areas, e.g. with respect to knowledge on EIA processes, knowledge on environmental factors considered, and the minor importance of the history of EIA. Finally, conclusions are drawn for teaching EIA, based on the demands from practitioners as well as results from the literature. The teaching-practice-gap is discussed.

We examine the relationship between the geographic location of mutual fund managers and fund performance using the unique setting of single-state municipal-bond mutual funds. We find that local managers underperform non-local muni-bond fund managers. Furthermore, we document that local muni-bond fund managers perform relatively better in states with more local funds, consistent with knowledge spillovers, business connections and networking effects associated with those areas. Locals also perform relatively better in states with higher levels of political integrity, consistent with less political pressure on local fund managers in these locations. Our results are robust to several sensitivity checks.

The objective of the paper is to empirically examine the effects of macroeconomic volatility on growth and other indicators of welfare incorporating more particularly geography produced diverse conditions that are either growth promoting or growth hampering. We extend the literature on macroeconomic volatility, growth and welfare by integrating the macroeconomics and new development economics literature on cross-country growth performance by capturing factors beyond neoclassical and new growth approaches. Empirical results confirm that growth outcomes under different geography-produced favorable and adverse conditions have the potential of minimizing and exacerbating the effects of macroeconomic variability. The significance of geography and its links with institutions is highlighted and adverse growth and welfare effects of income inequality, coastal openness and trade openness are analyzed.

Changes in the problems addressed and the modes of interpretation employed by one hazard researcher during a lengthy professional career are identified and analyzed. These illustrate an ongoing dialogue between personal experience and professional engagement that moves toward broader framing of problems and increased synthesis of findings over time. This trend parallels the general evolution of interdisciplinary hazard research in recent decades. The emergence of ambiguity as a study problem that requires urgent attention is discussed against a background of burgeoning hazards and inadequate progress toward the reduction of losses, as well as an increasingly permeable boundary between the knowledge of experts and laypersons. Concepts of encounter and context are identified as promising rubrics under which researchers might undertake an expanded engagement with hazards and examples of topics on the author’s current inquiry agenda are provided.

This paper constructs a model of endogenous growth and endogenous industry location where the two interact. We show that with global spillovers in R&D, a high growth rate and a high level of transaction costs are associated with foreign direct investment to the South (the location with a low initial wealth). With local spillovers in R&D, this activity is agglomerated in the North and the rate of innovation increases with the concentration of firms in the North. This in turn implies that a decrease of transaction costs, through its impact on economic geography, will increase the growth rate. We show that industrial concentration can be beneficial for both regions if its impact on the rate of innovation is large enough to compensate the South for the loss of industry. This will be the case only for low enough transaction costs and high enough spillovers.