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The enduring uncertainty in product quality within the supply chain significantly impacts the decision-making and performance of green supply chain participants. Blockchain traceability technology creates conditions for the popularity of building quality visibility systems in green supply chains. This paper aims to investigate the quality visibility system mode selection method under different information cost structures. The study identifies a principle stating that a “high expectation of quality does not require high information, while high fluctuation of quality requires high information” in the context of the interplay between two quality dimensions of green products and quality visibility decisions. Furthermore, this study observes a substantial “threshold” effect associated with the rental fee, which means that equilibrium quality visibility rises with increasing rental fees. However, the misalignment between changes in quality visibility and supplier profits, driven by parameter variations, may lead to suboptimal system mode choices by suppliers. In such cases, retailers can play a pivotal role by using unilateral payment mechanisms to incentivize suppliers to adopt choices that enhance overall supply chain visibility and profitability. This study reveals the mechanism by which quality visibility can help improve pricing decisions and enhance firm performance under the influence of information and cost structures of different system modes, and solves the challenges of mode selection and input decision-making when creating green supply chain quality visibility. By scientifically and reasonably applying the quality visibility system, green enterprises can effectively reduce quality risks and promote the stable and efficient operation of the green supply chain.

Our manuscript analyzes the performance of supply chain of marginal cost-intensive green products under random demand. This model contains two members: one manufacturer and one retailer. We study how different parameters influence performance of both centralized and decentralized channel. Our results suggest that: (1) overall profit in centralized channel is always higher comparing to decentralized channel; (2) centralized channel has higher production quantity and lower retail price; (3) the green-level is equal in these two channels; (4) in decentralized channel, the retailer will get more profits than the manufacturer.

Although optimization of a fresh agricultural products supply chain has been widely studied, not much attention was paid to the impact of coevolution on the stability of such a supply chain, especially in the green development of such a supply chain. In this paper, based on the synergy theory and by considering the green development of the supply chain, with logistic model deduction of the trading volume of the supply chain as the system order parameter, system dynamics simulation is performed, showing the influence of the coevolution mechanism of various subsystems and the complex evolution game process on the stability of the supply chain. These results indicate that excessive coevolution among subsystems is not conducive to the supply chain when it enters a stable and orderly state. Only when the coevolution ability is controlled within a certain range can each subsystem achieve maximum profit. At the same time, the simulation results demonstrate the positive impact of coevolution on the stability of the supply chain. Sensitivity analysis shows that environmental factors such as the recycling rate of rotten products and the levels of government regulation and environmental ethics regulation have a positive impact on the stability of the supply chain, for which the larger the climate impact factor is, the less conducive it is to the stability. This research report provides some guidance for the sustainable development of the fresh agricultural products supply chain.

This study investigates the fairness concerned behavior of the supply chain members in a dyadic supply chain with one manufacturer and one retailer, wherein the manufacturer puts efforts for improving the product’s greening level and sells it to the customers through the retailer. Through manufacturer-led and retailer-led Stackelberg game frameworks, the study presents two models- one in which only the manufacturer exhibits advantageous inequity averse behavior and the other in which only the retailer exhibits them. The results demonstrate the following findings: (1) the manufacturer’s profit is decreasing while product’s greening level, retailer’s and total supply chain’s profits are increasing and manufacturer’s wholesale price and retailer’s market price are nonmonotone in manufacturer’s fairness concern, (2) the wholesale price, product’s greening level, manufacturer’s profit, and total supply chain’s profit are increasing while retailer’s profit is decreasing and market price is nonmonotone in retailer’s fairness concern. In addition, the study examines the optimality of cost-sharing contract for different ranges of the model parameters. Furthermore, the findings are elucidated through the numerical analysis and managerial insights are generated.

Nowadays, to cater the increasing green customers, firms have switched to green manufacturing. In a dual-channel green supply chain (DCGSC), customers experience products at offline stores and buy them online (free-riding). Often imprecise cognitive biases (“fairness concern” and “overconfidence”) are observed among the supply chain (SC) members. With these facts, this study introduces the free-riding and above cognitive biases in a DCGSC with a manufacturer selling a green product through own online and offline retail channels and examines their effects. A centralized and four decentralized models (for green and nongreen products) are formulated depending upon channel members’ cognitive biases individually and jointly with and without free-riding. The fuzzy objectives and constraints are made deterministic using expectation and possibility measures, respectively. Models are solved and illustrated numerically. The results indicate that free-riding is harmful and beneficial to retailer and manufacturer, respectively. Manufacturer’s overconfidence enhances the retailer’s profit but decreases or increases own profit depending upon the salvage value. Retailer’s fairness concern is catastrophic for manufacturer but beneficial for her. Product greening increases manufacturer’s profit than the carbon tax regulation for lower emissions. In addition to above observations, for maximum profit, management should not go for greening beyond an optimum level.

This study explores the impact of green supply chain (GSC) practices on the enterprise performance in the context of Chinese manufacturing enterprises. A sample of 415 companies’ data was collected from the Chinese manufacturing industry. There are five predictors, including green distribution, green purchasing, green manufacturing, green information system, and eco-design, that were measured for the GSC practices. The GSC practices were measured by five predictors, including green distribution, green purchasing, green manufacturing, green information system, and eco-design. By using exploratory analysis and linear multiple regression analysis, the findings show that except for green distribution, rest of the independent variables have been found to be positively significant to predict enterprise performance. However, the green purchasing has revealed the greatest impact on enterprise performance. Therefore, senior management of the enterprises should implement green practices in their supply chain to increase the overall performance. In future, researchers can conduct comparative studies between manufacturing industry and other industries. In addition, they may bring in some other independent variables, including green logistics, co-operation with customers, and green transportation system. In this research, we estimate the economic and environmental performances together as enterprise performance. But in future, researchers may also calculate the economic and environmental performances separately.

This research paper examines the effect of three factors of green supply chain (GSC) practices on organizational performance in the perspective of Pakistani FMCG companies. A sample of 191 companies was collected from the FMCG industry. The GSC practices were measured by three independent variables including green transportation, green distribution and green purchasing. By using exploratory factor analysis and linear multiple regression, the findings show that except green purchasing rest of the two variables (green transportation and green distribution) have been found positive and significant to estimate organizational performance. Therefore, the managers and directors of the FMCG firms should adopt green practices in their distribution and transportation operations to enhance overall organizational performance. The key contribution of this study from theoretical side is that it is possible to sign a negative impact of green purchasing on organizational performance in the context of Pakistani FMCG industry.

Effective inventory management and distribution has become critical to industries such as manufacturing, retailing, transportation, health, and service, as they strive to improve their customer service, cash flow and profit margin, while meeting the challenges of global competition, product proliferation, shorter life cycles and demand uncertainty. Environmental awareness throughout supply chains is also growing due to the regulatory policies legislated by governments and increasing pressure from voluntary organizations. As a result, supply chain partners need to analyze their operations such as inventory control, freight transportation, and warehousing activities for achieving an eco-efficient supply chain. At the core of inventory management is stocking control, which ensures that the right amount of stock is available to support the company's targeted fill rate in the market at minimum cost. Companies must determine and manage specific service levels so that customers across the supply chain are served in time. Otherwise, stock-outs quickly translate into lost sales. Transportation activities play a vital role in the effective management of a supply chain. In addition to being major contributor for accomplishment of service level, it has an immense impact on overall carbon footprint of the supply chain. But finding the optimal balance among these factors is not easy, especially due to the vast global market size. In this paper, an integrated inventory control and transportation model is proposed to obtain optimal stock keeping units (SKU) and Safety Stock for each product as well as each of the locations at minimum cost for the next planning horizon with environmental considerations to reduce the overall carbon footprint. Further, at the end of each period, current solution is put to test to evaluate possible deviations from prior fixed target and a modified solution is obtained, if required, for continual improvement in supply chain system design. The model has been validated through a case study.