Narrow Results

We review the phenomenology of electroweak bosons produced in hadron–hadron collisions. In particular, we discuss the transverse momentum distribution of lepton pairs with invariant mass close to the Z peak. We describe the theoretical calculation for the magnitude of the transverse momentum Q_T and its comparison to Tevatron and LHC data. We also discuss the related variable ϕ*, describing its experimental advantages as well as its relation to the standard Q_T variable. Finally, we compare resummed predictions for ϕ* to data.

Starting with a brief introduction into the basics of relativistic fluid dynamics, I discuss our current knowledge of a relativistic theory of fluid dynamics in the presence of (mostly shear) viscosity. Derivations based on the generalized second law of thermodynamics, kinetic theory, and a complete second-order gradient expansion are reviewed. The resulting fluid dynamic equations are shown to be consistent for all these derivations, when properly accounting for the respective region of applicability, and can be applied to both weakly and strongly coupled systems. In its modern formulation, relativistic viscous hydrodynamics can directly be solved numerically. This has been useful for the problem of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, and I will review the setup and results of a hydrodynamic description of experimental data for this case.