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The synthesis and characterization of novel metal-free and metallophthalocyanines, fused symmetrically in non-peripheral positions with four octaoxamacrocycle has been synthesized by cyclotetramerization of the 2,5,8,11,14,20,23,26,29,32-decaoxatricyclo [31.2.2.1^15,19]octatriconta-1(36),15,17,19(38),33(37),34-hexaene-34,35-dicarbonitrile (5) which was prepared by the reaction of 3,6-bis[2-(2-{2-[2-(toluene-4-sulphonyl)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-phthalonitrile (3) and 1,3-dihydroxybenzene (4). The novel compounds were characterized by using elemental analysis, ¹H, ¹³C NMR, IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data.

Silver nitrate is well-known to be generally biostatic. However, it is also discussed as a biologically vital trace substance. This substance has been prepared in a standardized process of stepwise dilution and agitation. Its influence on the development of wheat seedlings has been studied. When seedlings are exposed to silver nitrate at high molecular concentration, growth is normally inhibited. Interestingly, growth was stimulated by a dilution log 24 of this probe. In our experiments, addition of one more standardized step of dilution and agitation, or agitation alone, to the dilution log 24, significantly diminished the effect of the test dilution, whereas addition of two steps again enhanced the stimulatory effect (“double switch” kinetics). This was found by different independent researchers. Furthermore, optimized conditions for performance of the experiment are discussed.