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Silicon levels in dialysis patients are markedly increased. Using PIXE we determined the relationship between silicon concentration and creatinine clearance in 30 samples. Urine silicon concentration were significantly correlated to creatinine clearance (p<0.001). And also serum silicon concentration were significantly correlated to creatinine clearance (p<0.0001).

This study investigated the effects of various concentrations and incubation time intervals of CDA-II (cell differentiation agent: a preparation of human urine) on cell viability, lipid peroxidation and glutathione and its related enzyme activities in rat hepatocytes. Based on the results of lactate dehydrogenase leakage and microscopic examination, treatment with CDA-II significantly elevated the viability of hepatocytes. The level of lipid peroxidation of cells treated with 2.5 or 5 mg/ml CDA-II was lower than the control after 4, 8 and 24 hours of incubation. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) content of cells treated with 0.25–5 mg/ml CDA-II was significantly higher than controls after 8 and 24 hours of incubation. These phenomena are beneficial to the antioxidant capabilities of hepatocytes. Furthermore, treatment of hepatocytes with CDA-II has no effect on the activities of GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase and GSH S-transferase. In conclusion, adequate concentration of CDA-II could enhance the viability and antioxidative capability of hepatocytes.

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