Narrow Results

Initial discovery of Cosmic Rays (CRs) dates back to a century ago (1912). Their identification as particles rather than radiation dates to about 20 years later and in 20 more years also the first suggestion that they were associated with SNRs was in place. The basic mechanism behind their acceleration was suggested almost 40 years ago. Much work has been done since then with regard to the aim of proving that both the acceleration mechanism and site are well-understood, but no definite proof has been obtained: in spite of impressive progress of both theory and observations, the evidence in support of the commonly accepted interpretation is only circumstantial. In the following, I will try to make the point on where we stand in terms of how our theories confront with data. I will review recent progress on the subject and try pointing the avenues to pursue in order to gather new proofs, if not a smoking gun evidence of the origin of Galactic CRs.

Healthcare 4.0 (H4.0) is the term corresponding to Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Like other industries, the healthcare industry has also gone through several technological changes and got nourished with them. The health care system of many countries is not mature enough to swiftly transform from its current state to the H4.0 state. Even the matured healthcare systems are facing several challenges while adopting H4.0 practices. The implementation of H4.0 has many challenges (or barriers) to be overcome. This paper has attempted to understand and analyze the challenges that the current Indian hospital management system faces while implementing H4.0. This study uses an integrated approach to the decision-making process to understand the importance of these barriers from the perspective of the Indian health care system. With the help of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis, the paper has mapped the importance of barriers which need to be overcome for to make implementation of H4.0 possible.

For the accuracy of network security management, an ISM-based analysis method on the influencing factors of network security situation (NSS) is proposed. The 17 factors of NSS were constructed first, the ISM of NSS influencing factors was established, and Matlab2019 was used for simulation. The results showed that the offensive and defensive game factors, such as attack method, attack tool, attack path, and defense strategy, are the direct influencing factors of NSS; the internal environmental factors such as operating system, application service, network bandwidth, network security device, user security awareness, and network topology are the necessary influencing factors; the external environmental factors such as legal environment, institutional environment, technical environment and business importance (economic environment) are the indirect influencing factors; the vulnerability factors such as asset value, vulnerability and open port are the fundamental influencing factors. The corresponding advice for management was put forward at the end of the paper.

Organisations are being aware that it is essential to utilise knowledge to maintain a position in the competitive market. Many significant factors create hindrances to knowledge flow in the supply chain. These factors are known as Supply Chain Knowledge Flow Barriers (SCKFBs). Therefore, most organisations wish to understand how different SCKFBs affect supply chain progress. This research aims to suggest a hybrid three-stage framework of Fuzzy Delphi (FD)–Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM)–Fuzzy Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (FMICMAC) methodology, combine abbreviated as the fuzzy DEISMI for investigating SCKFBs. This research identifies 26 SCKFBs through literature search and opinion from the experts. FD is used to finalise 15 significant barriers to knowledge flow in the supply chain. Further, ISM methodology helps to develop contextual relationships and a hierarchical model between these significant barriers. The evolved hierarchical model presents interrelationships and interdependencies among the identified SCKFBs. The FMICMAC is applied to identify the driving power and dependence power among SCKFBs. This study shows SCKFBs who have high value of driving power and low value of dependence power have strategic importance in supply chain development. These barriers are at the base of the hierarchical model, and policymakers should give significant consideration towards these SCKFBs.

In order to explore new approaches of training postgraduates of taught postgraduate programs, this paper proposed an analysis method to discuss the supply-side influencing factors of “vocational master of education” using the interpretative structural model (ISM). The research results showed that the quality of postgraduates, recruitment plan and the number of graduated students are the direct influencing factors of the supply side of “vocational master of education”. Teaching with practices, dissertation, postgraduate management, employment policy and the actual recruitment are the necessary influencing factors. Training program and courses, faculty, basic environment, entrance examination, program promotion, professional direction and planned enrolment are the indirect influencing factors. The strategic environment, the profession of secondary vocational schools and the demand of teachers in these schools are the fundamental influencing factors. Therefore, when studying the supply side of “vocational master of education”, we analysed top-down with specific emphasis on its hierarchy to strengthen the synergy effect of the subject.